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System Hardening: Why the Need to Strengthen System Cybersecurity

Today, digital trust is required inside and outside the organization, so tools must be implemented, with cybersecurity methods and best practices in each layer of your systems and their infrastructure: applications, operating systems, users, both on-premise and in the cloud. This is what we call System Hardening an essential practice that lays the foundation for a safe IT infrastructure. Its goal is to reduce the attack surface as much as possible, strengthening the systems to be able to face possible security attacks and get rid of as many entry points for cybercrime as possible.

Content:

Comprehensive Approach to Organizational Security

To implement organizational security, a comprehensive approach is undoubtedly required, since devices (endpoints, sensors, IoT), hardware, software, local environments, cloud (and hybrid) environments must be considered, along with security policies and local and even international regulatory compliance. It should be remembered that today and in the future we must not only protect an organization’s digital assets, but also avoid downtime and possible regulatory sanctions (associated with non-compliance with GDPR and data protection laws). Hardening also helps lay the solid foundation on which to implement advanced security solutions. Later, in Types of Hardening we will see where it is possible to implement security strengthening.

Benefits of Hardening in Cybersecurity

  • Improved system functionality: Hardening measures help optimize system resources, eliminate unnecessary services and software, and apply security patches and updates. The consequences of actions lead to better system performance, as fewer resources are also wasted on unused or vulnerable components.
  • Increased security level: A strengthened system reduces the surface area of a potential attack and strengthens defenses against threats (e.g., malware, unauthorized access, and data breaches). Confidential information is protected and user privacy is guaranteed.
  • Compliance simplification and auditing: Organizations must comply with industry-specific security standards and regulations to protect sensitive data. Hardening helps meet these requirements and ensures compliance with industry-specific standards, such as GDPR (personal data protection), the payment card industry’s data security standard (PCI DSS) or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Acts (HIPAA, to protect a health insurance user’s data).

Other benefits include ensuring business continuity (without disruption or frictions), multi-layered defense (access controls, encryption, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and regular security audits), and the ability to take a more proactive stance on security, with regular assessments and updates to prepare for emerging threats and vulnerabilities.
Every safe system must have been previously secured, and this is precisely what hardening consists of.

Types of Hardening

In the IT infrastructure set, there are several subsets that require different security approaches:

1. Configuration Management Hardening

Implementing and configuring security for multiple system components (including hardware, operating systems, and software applications). It also involves disabling unnecessary services and protocols, configuring access controls, implementing encryption, and safe communication protocols. It’s worth mentioning that security and IT teams often keep conflicting agendas. The hardening policy should take into account discussions between the two parties. It is also recommended to implement:

  • Configurable item assessment: From user accounts and logins, server components and subsystems, what software and application updates and vulnerabilities to perform, networks and firewalls, remote access and log management, etc.
  • Finding the balance between security and features: Hardening’s policy should consider both the requirements of the security team and the ability of the IT team to implement it using currently assigned levels of time and manpower. It must also be decided which challenges must be faced and which are not worthwhile for operational times and costs.
  • Change management and “configuration drift” prevention: In Hardening, continuous monitoring must be implemented, where automation tools contribute to compliance with requirements at any time, getting rid of the need for constant scanning. Also, in unwanted changes, hardening policies that can happen in the production environment can be reinforced. Finally, in case of unauthorized changes, automation tools help detect anomalies and attacks to implement preventive actions.

2. Application Hardening

Protection of software applications running on the system, by removing or disabling unnecessary features, application-specific patching and security updates, along with safe coding practices and access controls, in addition to application-level authentication mechanisms. The importance of application security lies in the fact that users in the organization ask for safe and stable environments; on the part of the staff, patch and update application allows them to react to threats and implement preventive measures. Remember that users are often the entry point into the organization for cybercrime. Among the most common techniques, we can highlight:

  • Install applications only from trusted repositories.
  • Patch automations of standard and third-party applications.
  • Installation of firewalls, antivirus and malware or spyware protection programs.
  • Software-based data encryption.
  • Password management and encryption applications.

3. Operating System (OS) Hardening

Configuring the operating system to minimize vulnerabilities, either by disabling unnecessary services, shutting down unused ports, implementing firewalls and intrusion detection systems, enforcing strong password policies, and regularly applying security patches and updates. Among the most recommended methods, there are the following:

  • Applying the latest updates released by the operating system developer.
  • Enable built-in security features (Microsoft Defender or third-party Endpoint Protection platform software or EPP, Endpoint Detection Rate or EDR from third parties). This will perform a malware search on the system (Trojan horses, sniffer, password sniffers, remote control systems, etc.).
  • Remove unnecessary drivers and update used ones.
  • Delete software installed on the machine that is unnecessary.
  • Enable secure boot.
  • Restrict system access privileges.
  • Use biometrics or authentication FIDO (Fast Identity Online) in addition to passwords.

Also, a strong password policy can be implemented, protect sensitive data with AES encryption or self-encrypting drives, firmware resiliency technologies, and/or multi-factor authentication.

4. Server Hardening

Removing vulnerabilities (also known as attack vectors) that a hacker could use to access the server. It focuses on securing data, ports, components and server functions, implementing security protocols at hardware, firmware and software level. The following is recommended:

  • Patch and update your operating systems periodically.
  • Update third-party software needed to run your servers according to industry security standards.
  • Require users to create and maintain complex passwords consisting of letters, numbers, and special characters, and update these passwords frequently.
  • Lock an account after a certain number of failed login attempts.
  • Disable certain USB ports when a server is booted.
  • Leverage multi-factor authentication (MFA)
  • Using encryption AES or self-encrypted drives to hide and protect business-critical information.
  • Use virus and firewall protection and other advanced security solutions.

5. Network Hardening

Protecting network infrastructure and communication channels. It involves configuring firewalls, implementing intrusion prevention systems (IPS) and intrusion detection systems (IDS), encryption protocols such as SSL/TLS, and segmenting the network to reduce the impact of a breach and implement strong network access controls. It is recommended to combine IPS and IDS systems, in addition to:

  • Proper configuration of network firewalls.
  • Audits of network rules and access privileges.
  • Disable unnecessary network ports and network protocols.
  • Disable unused network services and devices.
  • Network traffic encryption.

It is worth mentioning that the implementation of robust monitoring and recording mechanisms is essential to strengthen our system. It involves setting up a security event log, monitoring system logs for suspicious activity, implementing intrusion detection systems, and conducting periodic security audits and reviews to identify and respond to potential threats in a timely manner.

Practical 9-Step Hardening Application

Although each organization has its particularities in business systems, there are general hardening tasks applicable to most systems. Below is a list of the most important tasks as a basic checklist:

1. Manage access: Ensure that the system is physically safe and that staff are informed about security procedures. Set up custom roles and strong passwords. Remove unnecessary users from the operating system and prevent the use of root or “superadmin” accounts with excessive privileges. Also, limit the membership of administrator groups: only grant elevated privileges when necessary.

2. Monitor network traffic: Install hardened systems behind a firewall or, if possible, isolated from public networks. A VPN or reverse proxy must be required to connect. Also, encrypt communications and establish firewall rules to restrict access to known IP ranges.

3. Patch vulnerabilities: Keep operating systems, browsers, and any other applications up to date and apply all security patches. It is recommended to keep track of vendor safety advisories and the latest CVEs.

4. Remove Unnecessary Software: Uninstall any unnecessary software and remove redundant operating system components. Unnecessary services and any unnecessary application components or functions that may expand the threat surface must be disabled.

5. Implement continuous monitoring: Periodically review logs for anomalous activity, with a focus on authentications, user access, and privilege escalation. Reflect records in a separate location to protect the integrity of records and prevent tampering. Conduct regular vulnerability and malware scans and, if possible, conduct an external audit or penetration test.

6. Implement secure communications: Secure data transfer using safe encryption. Close all but essential network ports and disable unsafe protocols such as SMBv1, Telnet, and HTTP.

7. Performs periodic backups: Hardened systems are, by definition, sensitive resources and should be backed up periodically using the 3-2-1 rule (three copies of the backup, on two types of media, with one copy stored off-site).

8. Strengthen remote sessions: If you must allow Secure Shell or SSH (remote administration protocol), make sure a safe password or certificate is used. The default port must be avoided, in addition to disabling elevated privileges for SSH access. Monitor SSH records to identify anomalous uses or privilege escalation.

9. Monitor important metrics for security:Monitor logs, accesses, number of connections, service load (CPU, Memory), disk growth. All these metrics and many more are important to find out if you are being subjected to an attack. Having them monitored and known in real time can free you from many attacks or service degradations.

Hardening on Pandora FMS

Pandora FMS incorporates a series of specific features to monitor server hardening, both Linux and Windows. For that, it runs a special plugin that will perform a series of checks, scoring whether or not it passes the registration. These checks are scheduled to run from time to time. The graphical interface structures what is found in different categories, and the evolution of system security over time can be visually analyzed, as a temporal graph. In addition, detailed technical reports can be generated for each machine, by groups or made comparative.

It is important to approach the security tasks of the systems in a methodical and organized way, attending first to the most critical and being methodical, in order to be able to do it in all systems equally. One of the fundamental pillars of computer security is the fact of not leaving cracks, if there is an entrance door, however small it may be, and as much as we secured the rest of the machines, it may be enough to have an intrusion in our systems.

The Center for Internet Security (CIS) leads the development of international hardening standards and publishes security guidelines to improve cybersecurity controls. Pandora FMS uses the recommendations of the CIS to implement a security audit system, integrated with monitoring to observe the evolution of Hardening throughout your organization, system by system.

Use of CIS Categories for Safety Checks

There are more than 1500 individual checks to ensure the security of systems managed by Pandora FMS. Next, we mention the CIS categories audited by Pandora FMS and some recommendations:

  • Hardware and software asset inventory and control
    It refers to all devices and software in your organization. Keeping an up-to-date inventory of your technology assets and using authentication to block unauthorized processes is recommended.
  • Device inventory and control
    It refers to identifying and managing your hardware devices so that only those who are authorized have access to systems. To do this, you have to maintain adequate inventory, minimize internal risks, organize your environment and provide clarity to your network.
  • Vulnerability Management
    Continuously scanning assets for potential vulnerabilities and remediating them before they become the gateway to an attack. Patch updating and security measures in the software and operating systems must be ensured.
  • Controlled use of administrative privileges
    It consists of monitoring access controls and user performance with privileged accounts to prevent any unauthorized access to critical systems. It must be ensured that only authorized people have elevated privileges to avoid any misuse of administrative privileges.
  • Safe hardware and software configuration
    Security configuration and maintenance based on standards approved by your organization. A rigorous configuration management system should be created, to detect and alert about any misconfigurations, along with a change control process to prevent attackers from taking advantage of vulnerable services and configurations.
  • Maintenance, supervision and analysis of audit logs and records
    Collection, administration and analysis of event audit logs to identify possible anomalies. Detailed logs are required to fully understand attacks and to be able to effectively respond to security incidents.
  • Defenses against malware
    Supervision and control of installation and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the organization to prevent attacks. Anti-malware software should be configured and used and take advantage of automation to ensure quick defense updates and swift corrective action in the event of attacks.
  • Email and Web Browser Protection
    Protecting and managing your web browsers and email systems against online threats to reduce the attack surface. Deactivate unauthorized email add-ons and ensure that users only access trusted websites using network-based URL filters. Remember to keep these most common gateways safe from attacks.
  • Data recovery capabilities
    Processes and tools to ensure your organization’s critical information is adequately supported. Make sure you have a reliable data recovery system in place to restore information in the event of attacks that compromise critical data.
  • Boundary defense and data protection
    Identification and classification of sensitive data, along with a number of processes including encryption, data leak protection plans, and data loss prevention techniques. It establishes strong barriers to prevent unauthorized access.
  • Account Monitoring and Control
    Monitor the entire lifecycle of your systems and application accounts, from creation through use and inactivity to deletion. This active management prevents attackers from taking advantage of legitimate but inactive user accounts for malicious purposes and allows them to maintain constant control over the accounts and their activities.
    It is worth mentioning that not all categories are applicable in a system, but there are controls to verify whether or not they apply. Let’s look at some screens as an example of display.

Detail example in a hardening control of a Linux (Debian) server

This control explains that it is advisable to disable the ICMP packet forwarding, as contemplated in the recommendations of CIS, PCI_DSS, NIST and TSC.

Example listing of checks by group (in this case, network security)

Example of controls, by category on a server:

The separation of the controls by category is key to be able to organize the work and to delimit the scope, for example, there will be systems not exposed to the network where you may “ignore” the network category, or systems without users, where you may avoid user control.

Example of the evolution of the hardening of a system over time:

This allows you to see the evolution of securitization in a system (or in a group of systems). Securitization is not an easy process, since there are dozens of changes, so it is important to address it in a gradual way, that is, planning their correction in stages, this should produce a trend over time, like the one you may see in the attached image. Pandora FMS is a useful tool not only for auditing, but also for monitoring the system securitization process.

Other additional safety measures related to hardening

  • Permanent vulnerability monitoring. Pandora FMS also integrates a continuous vulnerability detection system, based on mitre databases (CVE, Common Vulnerabilities and Exposure) and NIST to continuously audit vulnerable software across your organization. Both the agents and the remote Discovery component are used to determine on which of your systems there is software with vulnerabilities. More information here.
  • Flexibility in inventory: Whether you use Linux systems from different distributions or any Windows version, the important thing is to know and map our infrastructure well: installed software, users, paths, addresses, IP, hardware, disks, etc. Security cannot be guaranteed if you do not have a detailed inventory.
  • Constant monitoring of security infrastructure: It is important to monitor the status of specific security infrastructures, such as backups, antivirus, VPN, firewalls, IDs/IPS, SIEM, honeypots, authentication systems, storage systems, log collection, etc.
  • Permanent monitoring of server security: Verifying in real time the security of remote access, passwords, open ports and changes to key system files.
  • Proactive alerts: Not only do we help you spot potential security breaches, but we also provide proactive alerts and recommendations to address any issues before they become a real threat.

I invite you to watch this video about Hardening on Pandora FMS

Positive impact on safety and operability

As we have seen, hardening is part of the efforts to ensure business continuity. A proactive stance on server protection must be taken, prioritizing risks identified in the technological environment and applying changes gradually and logically. Patches and updates must be applied constantly as a priority, relying on automated monitoring and management tools that ensure the fast correction of possible vulnerabilities. It is also recommended to follow the best practices specific to each hardening area in order to guarantee the security of the whole technological infrastructure with a comprehensive approach.

Additional Resources

Links to Pandora FMS documentation or read the references to CIS security guidelines: See interview with Alexander Twaradze, Pandora FMS representative to countries implementing CIS standards.

Pandora FMS’s editorial team is made up of a group of writers and IT professionals with one thing in common: their passion for computer system monitoring. Pandora FMS’s editorial team is made up of a group of writers and IT professionals with one thing in common: their passion for computer system monitoring.

About Version 2 Limited
Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.

Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

About PandoraFMS
Pandora FMS is a flexible monitoring system, capable of monitoring devices, infrastructures, applications, services and business processes.
Of course, one of the things that Pandora FMS can control is the hard disks of your computers.

A Closer Look at the New NSA Zero Trust Guidelines

The National Security Agency (NSA) has released its comprehensive set of zero trust network security guidelines. As stewards of national security, the agency’s pivot towards the a defined NSA zero trust model not only underscores its criticality but also serves as a beacon for organizations aiming to fortify their cyber defenses. The NSA Zero Trust security framework adheres to the President’s Executive Order of Improving the Nation’s Cybersecurity (EO 14028) and National Security Memorandum 8 (NSM-8). This exploration delves into the essence of these guidelines, providing a strategic overview, understanding the motivations behind their inception, and how they address the myriad pain points facing Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs) today. Moreover, it casts a vision on how adopting these principles can pave the way for a more secure digital future.

The Essence of Zero Trust and Its Importance

Zero Trust represents a foundational shift in the security paradigm, transcending traditional boundaries to address the complexities of modern network environments. At its heart, Zero Trust embodies the philosophy of “never trust, always verify,” a crucial departure from past security models that operated under a presumption of trust once inside the network perimeter. This innovative approach acknowledges a critical reality: threats can and do emerge from both external and internal sources, necessitating a vigilant and unwavering scrutiny of all network traffic, irrespective of its origin.

The adoption of Zero Trust is imperative in an era where the digital landscape is both boundless and perpetually evolving. Traditional security measures falter in the face of sophisticated cyber threats that exploit the inherent trust in legacy systems. Zero Trust, by contrast, offers a robust and agile framework, capable of dynamically responding to and mitigating risks as they arise. It demands the comprehensive authentication of identities and stringent authorization of access rights, thereby ensuring that only validated users and devices can engage with critical network resources.

Furthermore, the principle of minimizing access to only what is necessary—often referred to as the principle of least privilege—serves to not only enhance security but also significantly reduce the potential impact of breaches by limiting unauthorized access to sensitive data and systems. This methodical constriction of access paths and stringent control mechanisms are pivotal in constructing a security architecture resilient to the multifaceted threats that besiege today’s digital enterprises.

In essence, Zero Trust is not merely a strategy but a necessity, a guiding beacon for organizations navigating the treacherous waters of cybersecurity. Its adoption heralds a proactive stance against the relentless tide of cyber threats, fortifying defenses and securing the future of digital enterprises in an ever-connected world.

The NSA’s Zero Trust Recommendations: A Strategic Overview

Within the ambit of the NSA’s strategic initiative to revolutionize network security, the agency’s zero trust guidelines emerge as a beacon of transformation, guiding organizations on a journey toward a more secure and resilient digital infrastructure. Central to these guidelines is the embrace of network segmentation—a sophisticated strategy that divides the network into smaller, discrete segments. This approach significantly hampers the ability of attackers to move laterally across the network, effectively containing potential breaches and minimizing their impact.

The guidelines underscore the imperative for robust authentication and authorization protocols. This involves establishing and enforcing stringent access controls, ensuring that only verified users and authenticated devices can access the network’s most sensitive and critical resources. Such a stance underscores a commitment to a foundational principle of Zero Trust: trust no entity without rigorous verification, irrespective of whether it originates from within or outside the organizational boundaries.

Moreover, the NSA places a premium on the continuous monitoring and real-time validation of all traffic, users, and devices within the network. This ongoing scrutiny serves as the bedrock for identifying and responding to anomalous behavior and potential security threats swiftly and efficiently. It’s a proactive stance that shifts the security posture from reactive to anticipatory, enabling organizations to preempt and neutralize threats before they can cause significant damage.

The NSA’s guidelines do not merely advocate for a set of practices but champion a comprehensive reimagining of network security architecture. This approach, deeply ingrained in the Zero Trust model, offers a structured and strategic pathway for organizations to enhance their cybersecurity resilience. It is a clarion call to action, urging the adoption of practices that align with the relentless evolution of cyber threats and the complex digital ecosystems of today’s organizations.

Unpacking the Reasons for the NSA’s Zero Trust Push

The impetus for the NSA’s endorsement of zero trust principles emanates from a prescient understanding of the contemporary cyber threat landscape and the exigencies of national security in the digital age. At the core of this strategic shift lies an acknowledgment of the inadequacies of traditional security frameworks in confronting the sophisticated and ever-evolving cyber threats that define the current epoch. Traditional defenses, premised on the notion of a secure perimeter, are increasingly obsolescent in a world where threat actors exploit the smallest vulnerabilities with relentless ingenuity and precision. Zero trust architecture, with its foundational axiom of “never trust, always verify,” introduces a paradigm well-suited to this new reality, where trust is not an inherited attribute but one that must be continually earned, verified, and re-verified.

Additionally, the NSA’s drive towards zero trust underscores a profound recognition of cybersecurity’s strategic role in safeguarding national interests. In an interconnected global environment, the frontlines of national security extend well into the digital realm. Cyber incidents have the potential not only to compromise sensitive information but also to disrupt critical infrastructure, with ramifications that can span the spectrum from economic turmoil to threats to physical safety. By promulgating zero trust principles, the NSA aims to fortify these digital frontlines, advocating for a security posture that is both dynamic and resilient, capable of thwarting adversaries and protecting the nation’s digital infrastructure against the specter of cyber warfare.

This concerted push for zero trust adoption reflects a deliberate strategy to elevate cybersecurity from a tactical concern to a cornerstone of national defense, ensuring that organizations are not merely reactive in the face of threats but are preemptively fortified against the diverse and sophisticated cyber challenges of tomorrow.

Addressing CISO Pain Points Through NSA Zero Trust

The NSA’s zero trust guidelines illuminate a transformative path for Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs) besieged by the relentless advancement of cybersecurity threats and the pressing demand to judiciously allocate cybersecurity budgets. In the intricate dance of cyber defense, where every move counts and missteps can lead to significant vulnerabilities, the principles embedded in the NSA zero trust framework offer a strategic cadence for minimizing cybersecurity risks while optimizing resource allocation.

Implementing network segmentation, a cornerstone of the NSA’s recommendations, crafts a more defensible and controllable network landscape. This granular control effectively curtails the sprawl of breaches, creating barriers that confine potential attacks and minimize their operational impact. Such segmentation aligns with the CISO’s imperative to shield critical assets with precision, ensuring that the most sensitive segments of the network are insulated from unauthorized access and lateral movements by threat actors.

Continuous monitoring and validation, another pivotal tenet of the NSA’s zero trust model, dovetail with the necessity for real-time cyber threat detection and neutralization. This relentless vigilance ensures that anomalies are detected at their nascent stage, allowing for swift mitigation before they escalate into full-blown security incidents. This proactive stance not only enhances the security posture but also optimizes the deployment of cybersecurity resources, enabling a more effective and efficient allocation of the cybersecurity budget.

By adopting the NSA zero trust guidelines, CISOs can address the dual challenge of bolstering cyber defenses while ensuring the judicious use of limited resources. This strategic approach promises not just an elevation in security standards but also a recalibration of cybersecurity investments, ensuring that every dollar spent contributes directly to the resilience and robustness of the organization’s digital infrastructure.

The Road Ahead: Navigating Future Challenges with Zero Trust

Embarking on a journey with the NSA’s zero trust framework at the helm heralds a forward-thinking strategy essential for mastering the cybersecurity challenges that lie ahead. This paradigm shift towards a zero trust architecture is not just an adjustment in technical measures but a comprehensive redefinition of how security perimeters are conceptualized in an era where digital boundaries are increasingly fluid and expansive. The intricate digital ecosystems that define today’s organizational landscapes demand a security posture that is both agile and robust, capable of adapting to the incessant evolution of cyber threats with precision and resilience.

The integration of automation and advanced analytics into the zero trust model elevates its capability to preemptively identify and counteract threats, crafting a security environment where vigilance is continuous and intelligence-driven. This strategic amalgamation ensures that cybersecurity mechanisms are not only responsive but also predictive, staying ahead of potential threats through the nuanced understanding of patterns and behaviors that signify emerging risks.

Moreover, as organizations navigate the shifting sands of regulatory compliance, aligning with the NSA’s zero trust guidelines presents a proactive stance. This alignment not only fortifies the organization’s defense mechanisms but also ensures that it remains in step with the evolving landscape of cybersecurity regulations, thus safeguarding its operational legitimacy and reinforcing its commitment to exemplary cybersecurity governance.

In sum, embracing the NSA’s zero trust recommendations positions organizations to confront the future with a security stance that is dynamic, data-driven, and decisively proactive. It is a strategic imperative that champions not just the security of digital assets but the very future of secure digital innovation and growth.

About Version 2 Limited
Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.

Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

About Portnox
Portnox provides simple-to-deploy, operate and maintain network access control, security and visibility solutions. Portnox software can be deployed on-premises, as a cloud-delivered service, or in hybrid mode. It is agentless and vendor-agnostic, allowing organizations to maximize their existing network and cybersecurity investments. Hundreds of enterprises around the world rely on Portnox for network visibility, cybersecurity policy enforcement and regulatory compliance. The company has been recognized for its innovations by Info Security Products Guide, Cyber Security Excellence Awards, IoT Innovator Awards, Computing Security Awards, Best of Interop ITX and Cyber Defense Magazine. Portnox has offices in the U.S., Europe and Asia. For information visit http://www.portnox.com, and follow us on Twitter and LinkedIn.。

MSP vs. MSSP: what’s the difference?

Navigating the world of IT support and cybersecurity services can feel like exploring a maze. Two terms that often come up are MSP and MSSP. Though they sound similar, their roles in the IT ecosystem are distinct.

Let’s dive in to clarify these differences, helping you identify which service aligns best with your IT and cybersecurity needs.

What is an MSP?

An MSP, or Managed Service Provider, acts as your IT department’s extension or sometimes its entirety.

They manage a spectrum of IT services, from network and infrastructure to software management and support. MSPs aim to ensure your IT operations run smoothly, efficiently, and without interruption, focusing on maintenance and optimization.

What is an MSSP?

MSSP stands for Managed Security Service Provider. While MSPs cover the broader IT landscape, MSSPs focus on cybersecurity.

They monitor and manage your security devices and systems and offer threat intelligence, incident response, and more. Essentially, they’re your cybersecurity guardians, proactively defending your digital assets against threats.

Key differences between MSP and MSSP

MSPs serve as a full IT department, offering various services like network management and software updates. Their primary goal is to ensure the seamless operation and reliability of your IT infrastructure. MSPs are the technology stewards, ensuring your systems are efficient, up-to-date, and scalable to support your business objectives.

MSSPs focus narrowly yet deeply on cybersecurity, acting as vigilant protectors against cyber threats. They specialize in monitoring, managing, and responding to security risks, employing a suite of services designed to protect businesses from digital dangers. Their services range from real-time threat monitoring to incident response and compliance management, all aimed at fortifying your organization’s cybersecurity posture.

To neatly summarize the distinctions, let’s lay MSP vs. MSSP out in a table:

MSP vs MSSP: the key differencesHere’s a breakdown of their primary differences:

MSPs focus on the broader spectrum of managing and optimizing IT infrastructure and operations. They offer a wide range of services, including:

  • Managing networks, servers, and cloud services

  • Providing software management and updates

  • Help desk support and IT consulting.

The core objective of MSPs is to enhance operational efficiency and support business growth, acting essentially as an outsourced IT department.

MSSPs, on the other hand, specialize in protecting businesses from cyber threats and ensuring data security. Their services are centered around:

  • Incident response

  • Compliance management

  • Security assessments.

They use advanced methods to detect and prevent cyber threats, acting as a dedicated cybersecurity team for their clients.

While MSPs are all about ensuring that the IT infrastructure is running smoothly to support and enhance business operations. MSSPs, on the other hand, dive deeper into the cybersecurity aspect, ensuring that businesses are safeguarded against the increasing number of cyber threats.

Whether a business opts for an MSP or an MSSP depends on its primary needs: comprehensive IT management or specialized cybersecurity protection.

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In many cases, businesses benefit from the combined strengths of both types of providers to ensure both operational excellence and robust security.

What is the difference between MSSP and MDR?

While MSSPs focus on managing and monitoring security services, MDR (Managed Detection and Response) providers take a more hands-on approach to actively hunting, detecting, and responding to threats. Think of MSSPs as your cybersecurity watchdogs, while MDR services are the special forces that detect and neutralize threats.

MSP and MSSP: the market growth

The global managed services market has seen consistent growth, driven by businesses’ increasing reliance on IT infrastructure and the need for efficient, scalable solutions.

According to projections, this market could grow significantly, reaching a substantial valuation by 2028. This growth is fueled by the ongoing digital transformation in various sectors, necessitating managed IT services to support operations, data management, cloud services, and customer relations.

The managed security services market is also on a robust growth trajectory, with a specific focus on cybersecurity services.

The escalating threat landscape propels this market’s expansion, regulatory compliance requirements, and the complexity of cybersecurity solutions. Businesses are increasingly outsourcing their cybersecurity needs to MSSPs to protect against data breaches and cyber-attacks and to ensure data privacy and compliance with regulations.

Factors defining MSP market growth

  • Digital transformation: as businesses continue to digitize operations, the demand for comprehensive IT services, including cloud management, data analytics, and network infrastructure, grows.

  • Cost efficiency: MSPs offer a cost-effective solution for businesses to manage their IT needs without the overhead of an in-house IT department.

  • Scalability and flexibility: the ability of MSPs to scale services according to business needs is a key driver, allowing companies to adjust their IT services based on growth and seasonal demands.

Factors responsible for MSSP market growth

  • Cybersecurity challenges: the increasing sophistication of cyber threats drives demand for MSSPs as businesses seek specialized expertise to navigate the complex cybersecurity landscape.

  • Regulatory compliance: With growing regulatory pressures around data protection, businesses turn to MSSPs for compliance assurance and to avoid potential fines.

  • Advanced threat detection and response: the need for 24/7 monitoring and quick response to security incidents has become critical, making MSSPs an essential partner for businesses.

Market differences

While both MSPs and MSSPs are integral to the IT and cybersecurity ecosystem, their markets differ primarily in focus and expertise.

MSPs are broad, covering all aspects of IT management and support, catering to businesses’ operational and efficiency needs. In contrast, MSSPs are specialized, focusing solely on cybersecurity services to protect businesses from digital threats and ensure compliance with data protection laws.

The MSP market is defined by its operational support and infrastructure management role, appealing to businesses looking for end-to-end IT services. The MSSP market, however, is driven by the need for specialized cybersecurity services, attracting businesses focused on enhancing their security posture in the face of increasing cyber threats.

Can an MSP be an MSSP?

Yes, the line between MSPs and MSSPs can blur. Some MSPs evolve to include MSSP functions, offering a hybrid model that covers both IT management and security services. This evolution reflects the growing importance of cybersecurity across all IT operations.

The managed service provider can indeed evolve into a Managed Security Service Provider. Still, this transformation requires a strategic approach, significant investment in skills and technology, and a commitment to adopting a security-first mindset.

Why make the transition?

The move from MSP to MSSP is often motivated by the growing demand for cybersecurity services. Businesses are increasingly aware of the risks posed by cyber threats and are seeking providers that can offer both IT management and robust security measures. By transitioning to an MSSP, providers can meet this demand, offering a one-stop shop for IT and security needs.

Moreover, this evolution allows providers to differentiate themselves in a crowded market, offering added value to clients through specialized security solutions. It also opens up new revenue streams, as businesses are willing to invest significantly in cybersecurity to protect their assets and reputation.

 

What are the deciding factors when choosing between an MSP and an MSSP for your business?

Comparing MSP vs. MSSP for your business comes down to understanding your core IT infrastructure management and cybersecurity needs. Here’s a streamlined approach to making that decision:

  • Assess business IT capabilities: if a business lacks a dedicated IT department or needs to augment its existing IT capabilities, an MSP might be the right fit. MSPs provide comprehensive IT services, ensuring your infrastructure is robust and up-to-date, with increased efficiency supporting your business operations.

  • Evaluate security requirements: if you’re particularly concerned about cybersecurity, face stringent regulatory compliance requirements, or handle sensitive data, leaning towards an MSSP makes sense. MSSPs specialize in protecting businesses from cyber threats with services like real-time monitoring, incident response, and compliance management.

  • Consider business size and sector: small to medium-sized businesses often find MSPs suitable for their broader IT needs, while larger organizations or those in high-risk sectors (e.g., finance, healthcare) may prioritize the specialized security services of an MSSP.

  • Budget and investment: determine the budget for IT and cybersecurity services. MSPs can offer more predictable costs for a range of IT services, while MSSPs might represent a higher investment focused on advanced security measures.

  • Future growth and scalability: think about business future needs. An MSP can help scale the IT infrastructure as your business grows, whereas an MSSP will ensure your cybersecurity posture scales in tandem with your risk exposure.

Selecting either an MSP or an MSSP boils down to understanding your specific needs:

Factors when choosing between an MSP and an MSSP

How NordLayer boosts MSP capabilities

Third-party providers like NordLayer step in as a powerful solution for MSPs, enhancing their capabilities to manage and secure networks with comprehensive security solutions. It offers features like Secure Remote Access, Zero Trust network architecture, and advanced threat protection.

  • Security monitoring. NordLayer amplifies MSPs’ ability to offer continuous security monitoring, which is crucial for early threat detection and maintaining a vigilant cybersecurity posture. This ensures clients are protected around the clock from a broad spectrum of cyber threats.

  • Security operations. With NordLayer’s security solutions, MSPs can enhance their security operations through automation and advanced analytics, speeding up incident response and bolstering defenses against evolving cyber threats, thereby elevating the level of service to clients.

  • Endpoint protection. NordLayer supports MSPs in implementing robust endpoint protection and safeguarding client devices against malware and other attacks, which is essential for the integrity and security of client networks.

  • Data protection. By offering encryption and secure access controls, NordLayer assists MSPs in protecting clients’ sensitive data against unauthorized access, aligning with information security regulations, and enhancing clients’ trust.

  • Cloud services. NordLayer enables secure access to cloud services, protecting data in transit to and from the cloud, an essential feature for businesses leveraging cloud-based solutions and security operations in today’s digital environment.

  • Providing cybersecurity services. Integrating NordLayer allows MSPs to expand their cybersecurity services, covering everything from security monitoring to data protection, meeting the increasing demand for comprehensive cybersecurity solutions.

These tools bolster an MSP’s service offering and ensure clients’ networks are both accessible and secure. By performing risk assessment and integrating NordLayer, MSPs can provide a more robust IT and security infrastructure, reflecting the synergy between comprehensive IT support and dedicated cybersecurity measures.

Are you looking for a trusted partner to secure your clients’ networks? NordLayer offers a Partner Program with a focus on tangible benefits for its partners and simple yet effective solutions to protect businesses in the hectic cybersecurity landscape.

About Version 2 Limited
Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.

Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

About Nord Security
The web has become a chaotic space where safety and trust have been compromised by cybercrime and data protection issues. Therefore, our team has a global mission to shape a more trusted and peaceful online future for people everywhere.

About NordLayer
NordLayer is an adaptive network access security solution for modern businesses – from the world’s most trusted cybersecurity brand, Nord Security.

The web has become a chaotic space where safety and trust have been compromised by cybercrime and data protection issues. Therefore, our team has a global mission to shape a more trusted and peaceful online future for people everywhere.

24.3.1 Voyager released

Changes compared to 24.3.0

New Features

  • Added a new restore option to only overwrite existing files if there is a difference in file content already written to the restore location

Enhancements

  • Backup job logs now appear in the Console app on macOS
  • Installing the Comet Client on Linux devices no longer echoes password characters to the terminal
  • Improved the performance of the Comet Server when a large number of devices resume their live connection

Bug Fixes

  • Fixed an issue with macOS installs where the Comet version was not being reported
  • Fixed an issue causing unexpected entries to appear in the snapshot browser and the subsequent restore to fail when restoring from a Hyper-V snapshot using the Comet Server web interface if a VHDX file appears at the root of the snapshot
  • Fixed an issue causing no default restore type to be selected in the restore dialog of the Comet Server web interface for Hyper-V and VMware restores
  • Fixed an issue causing “undefined” to appear in the breadcrumb in the snapshot browser when restoring from a Disk Image/Hyper-V/VMware snapshot using the Comet Server web interface
  • Fixed an issue with tenant email reporting when using the test button as a top-level admin in the Comet Server web interface. The test email is now correctly filtered to the expected tenant
  • Fixed an issue with the Protected Items table in the Users page on the Comet Server web interface where it was not possible to run a backup from any page other than the first page
  • Fixed an issue where backup jobs could complete successfully when a previous retention pass failed. Backup jobs are now blocked until retention pass errors are resolved
  • Fixed an issue when backing up a VMware virtual disk on a vSAN datastore
  • Fixed an issue with user email reporting not being enabled by default
  • Fixed an issue causing errors when attempting to begin an OpenID Connect authentication process to fail to display in the browser and cURL
  • Fixed an issue with restore jobs under reporting the Downloaded size
  • Fixed an issue with the Comet Server web interface failing to display the users page
  • Fixed an issue applying language selections in the Comet Server web interface

About Version 2 Limited
Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.

Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

About Comet
We are a team of dedicated professionals committed to developing reliable and secure backup solutions for MSP’s, Businesses and IT professionals. With over 10 years of experience in the industry, we understand the importance of having a reliable backup solution in place to protect your valuable data. That’s why we’ve developed a comprehensive suite of backup solutions that are easy to use, scalable and highly secure.

How to detect and prevent DNS hijacking

Imagine trying to access a news website to catch up on the latest headlines. Still, instead of finding the articles you were looking for, you’re secretly redirected to a clone site designed to spread misinformation or to gather your personal data.

This scenario has become a reality for some, thanks to the Sea Turtle cyber espionage campaign. Linked to Turkey, this group has engaged in DNS hijacking, targeting not just any websites but those connected to telecommunications, media, ISPs, IT services, and Kurdish platforms in the Netherlands.

Their goal was to collect sensitive data on political dissidents and minority groups. DNS hijacking is often state-sponsored and used by governments to surveil and collect data on political adversaries and minority groups. These actors exploit the DNS system—essentially the internet’s phonebook—to manipulate how and where we access information online.

Businesses, too, face big risks from DNS hijacking. This threat can result in large financial losses, data breaches, and a decrease in customer trust. 

The cryptocurrency sector is especially at risk. Threat actors frequently hijack DNS to send users to fake websites and steal cryptocurrency assets. Because you can’t reverse cryptocurrency transactions, this approach is particularly dangerous. 

In this article, we’ll explore how to detect DNS hijacking in simple steps.

Key takeaways

  • DNS hijacking is an attack where someone redirects you to a different site that they control, which might look like the one you wanted but can steal your information or harm your computer.

  • The attack uses the DNS system, which normally helps your browser find websites, to send you to a fake website instead of the real one you wanted to visit.

  • Look out for being sent to unexpected websites, your internet running slowly, or warnings about a website’s security certificate to catch DNS hijacking early.

  • Protect yourself by using strong passwords for your router, updating its firmware, enabling DNSSEC validation, and using a VPN to encrypt your online activity.

  • Incidents like the Sea Turtle campaign and the attack on a Brazilian bank show how serious DNS hijacking can be and why strong security measures are important.

  • NordLayer helps protect against these threats with its DNS filtering service, which blocks harmful websites.

What is DNS hijacking?

Domain Name System (DNS) hijacking is a form of cyber-attack in which an attacker intercepts and redirects the DNS queries made by a user. Instead of reaching the intended website, the user is sent to a fraudulent site, often without realizing it. This technique can be used to steal personal information, distribute malware, or censor information.

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How does DNS hijacking work?

DNS hijacking operates by using the DNS, which acts as the internet’s phonebook. Normally, when you enter a website address into your browser, your computer sends a DNS query to a DNS server to translate the domain name into an IP address. This IP address is what allows your browser to connect to the website’s server.

However, in a DNS hijacking scenario, an attacker intercepts or alters this query process. Instead of directing you to the correct IP address, the attacker redirects you to a fraudulent website or server that they control. This manipulated redirection can occur without any visible signs, making the user believe they are visiting a legitimate site.

For example, imagine you’re trying to log into your online banking account. You type the bank’s URL into your browser, expecting to be taken to your bank’s login page. If you’re a victim of DNS hijacking, you are sent to a counterfeit version of the bank’s website instead of reaching the real banking site. This site looks identical to the real one, but when you enter your login credentials, they are captured by the attacker.

Types of DNS hijacking

Understanding the various types of DNS hijacking is crucial for maintaining our online safety. Let’s explore the most popular ones.

Types of DNS hijacking attacks

Local DNS hijacking

This happens when malware changes the DNS settings on your device. If this occurs, your device might take you to places on the internet that you didn’t intend to visit, risking your personal information. It’s essential to keep your antivirus software up to date to catch and remove such malware.

Router DNS hijacking

Attackers target your internet router and change its DNS settings. This action affects all devices using that router. It’s like someone redirecting all the mail from your house to somewhere else. 

Ensuring your router’s firmware is regularly updated and its password is strong is a good practice to prevent DNS hijacking.

Man-in-the-middle DNS hijacking

In this scenario, attackers intercept your DNS requests. It’s as if someone catches a letter you’re sending out, opens it, and sends it somewhere else without you knowing. 

Using secure networks and VPN services can help safeguard against such interceptions.

DNS server hijacking

Here, the attackers take control of a DNS server and change its DNS records. This means they can redirect traffic from many users to malicious websites. It’s a broad DNS attack, affecting many at once. 

Internet Service Providers and organizations managing DNS servers need to monitor and secure their servers diligently.

ISP DNS hijacking

Sometimes, your Internet Service Provider might redirect your DNS queries. Although these redirects aren’t always malicious, they can still introduce security risks. Using a custom DNS service can give you more control over where your queries go, enhancing your privacy and security.

Cache poisoning (DNS spoofing)

Cache poisoning, also known as DNS spoofing, is a technique where attackers insert false information into a DNS server’s cache. When this happens, your computer, which relies on the DNS server to translate website names into IP addresses, gets misled. It takes you to a different website controlled by the attacker.

A DNS resolver is a crucial part of this process. It’s the tool that your computer uses to ask the DNS server, ‘What is the IP address for this website?’ When the resolver receives incorrect information from a poisoned DNS cache, it unknowingly directs you to the wrong place.

The DNS cache is where the resolver stores IP addresses it has recently looked up. If the cache gets poisoned, even future DNS requests can lead to the wrong sites until the DNS cache is cleared or the false entries expire.

Preventing cache poisoning involves ensuring your DNS resolver uses DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions). DNSSEC is a security measure that ensures the information your resolver receives is authentic.

Rogue DNS server

If you’re tricked into using a rogue DNS server, it will intentionally mislead you by taking you to the wrong websites. This often leads to malicious websites. Being cautious about which DNS server you use and opting for reputable DNS providers can protect you.

Pharming

Pharming redirects you to fake websites without your click or consent, exploiting vulnerabilities either in your device or in DNS servers. It’s more sneaky than phishing. 

Employing robust security measures and staying vigilant about unusual browser behavior can help you stay clear of these traps.

DNS redirection by malware

When malware on your device redirects your DNS queries, it can make you think you’re visiting safe websites when you’re not. Regular scans with updated antivirus software can help detect and remove such malware.

DNS hijacking via trojan

A trojan can change your DNS settings or point you to a malicious DNS server. It often masquerades as legitimate software, tricking you into downloading it. Being cautious about what you download and keeping your security software up to date are good ways to avoid such threats.

Each type of DNS hijacking exploits our trust in the internet’s infrastructure. Remember, detecting DNS hijacking early and taking steps to prevent it are key to keeping your internet experience safe and secure.

Examples of DNS hijacking

Brazilian bank attack

Back in 2016, a big bank in Brazil was hit by a DNS hijacking attack. The threat actors changed the bank’s DNS settings, redirecting customers to fake websites instead of the bank’s real ones. These sites mimicked the bank’s authentic ones, tricking people into giving away their personal and banking info.

This incident showed how big of an impact DNS hijacking can have, especially on financial institutions, and showed the need to prevent DNS hijacking attacks. 

Sea Turtle campaign

The Sea Turtle campaign is a cyber espionage operation that started in 2019. It targets organizations across the globe to gather sensitive information. 

This group uses DNS hijacking because after redirecting internet traffic to malicious websites and stealing login credentials, they can spy on the data traffic of targeted entities. They opt for DNS hijacking because of its sneakiness; victims often don’t realize they’re visiting fake websites.

In 2024, Sea Turtle expanded its reach to include targets in the Netherlands, focusing on telecommunications, media, ISPs, IT services, and Kurdish websites. 

Iranian attack incidents

Iranian threat actors, known under the alias Lyceum, target the Middle East with DNS hijacking. They’ve introduced a new NET-based backdoor, evolving their tactics to manipulate DNS queries. 

The essence of this DNS hijacking lies in its execution through a macro-laced Microsoft Document, seemingly reporting legitimate news but actually serving as a trojan horse for the malware. It’s designed not just for spying but also for full control over the compromised systems. 

Companies need robust measures to detect and prevent DNS spoofing and similar DNS hijacking attacks.

How to detect DNS hijacking?

Here’s a guide on how to spot DNS hijacking, which includes simple steps that can help you figure out if a DNS attack has hit you.

Spot unexpected website redirects. Imagine you’re trying to visit your favorite news site but end up on a completely different page that asks for personal details. This could be a sign of DNS hijacking, where attackers redirect you to fake sites to steal your info.

Notice if your internet feels slow. If your web pages suddenly start taking longer to load, it might mean someone is messing with your DNS queries. This slowing down happens because the hijack adds extra steps to reach websites.

Use tools to check your DNS server. There are tools online that let you see if the DNS server your computer is using matches the one your Internet Service Provider (ISP) gave you. A mismatch might mean your DNS settings have been changed without you knowing.

Watch for SSL certificate warnings. When you visit a secure site, your browser checks its SSL certificate to ensure it’s safe. If you get a warning that something’s off, like the certificate doesn’t match the site’s name, it could mean you’ve been redirected to a harmful site by DNS hijacking.

Use network monitoring tools. These tools can spot odd behavior in your DNS traffic, like a sudden spike in DNS requests or visits to known bad sites. This can clue you in on possible DNS hijacking attempts.

Audit your DNS records. Check your domain’s DNS records with your registrar every so often. If you find changes you didn’t make, it might mean someone has hijacked your DNS.

Talk to your ISP. If you’re worried about DNS hijacking, a call to your ISP can be reassuring. They can check if the DNS servers you’re using are legit and offer tips on keeping your connection secure.

How to prevent DNS hijacking for businesses?

Keeping your online world safe from DNS hijacking is really important. Here’s a guide on how to prevent DNS hijacking attacks.

How to prevent DNS hijacking

Pick secure DNS servers. DNSSEC stands for Domain Name System Security Extensions. It’s a set of protocols that add a layer of security to the DNS lookup process, ensuring the information your network receives hasn’t been tampered with. Opting for DNS servers that support DNSSEC minimizes the risk of your business being directed to fraudulent websites.

Update your router’s password. Routers often come with default passwords that are easily predictable. Changing these passwords to something strong and unique is crucial for keeping attackers out. 

Keep your router’s firmware fresh. Router makers often fix security holes with new firmware updates. Staying up-to-date helps block paths that threat actors could use for DNS hijacking.

Turn on DNSSEC validation. Enabling DNSSEC validation across your network means that DNS responses are checked for authenticity before being accepted. This prevents attackers from redirecting your internet traffic to malicious sites through spoofed DNS responses, a common tactic in DNS hijacking. 

Use a business VPN. A Virtual Private Network encrypts what you do online, shielding you from certain DNS hijacking methods. Choosing a trusted VPN service adds a solid layer of protection.

Install and update security software. Antivirus and anti-malware programs can catch and delete harmful software that might change your DNS settings. Keeping this software up to date is key to fighting off new threats. 

Update everything. Software updates often patch up security weaknesses. Regularly updating your system and applications protects you from being an easy target for DNS hijacking.

Watch your DNS settings. Keep an eye on the DNS settings on your company’s devices and router. If something looks off, dig deeper and fix it to ensure you’re not under attack.

Learn and share knowledge. Understanding this issue is key to keeping your network safe. Explain to your employees what DNS hijacking is, why it’s a problem, and how to spot if the network might be compromised. When people know what to look out for, they can help stop these attacks before they do harm.

Think about DNS filtering. These services stop your network from connecting to websites that are known to be harmful. They can also block attempts to contact servers that spread malware. Adding DNS filtering to your security plan is a good way to keep out threats that could lead to DNS hijacking. 

Beef up your network security. Using firewalls and following best practices for network security build a strong defense against unauthorized entries and various cyber threats, including DNS hijacking. These actions add extra layers of protection, which makes it harder for attackers to break into your network or carry out harmful activities.

Customize your DNS settings. Instead of sticking with your Internet Service Provider’s DNS, switch to custom DNS servers known for being secure. This gives you more control and reduces hijacking risks. 

How NordLayer can help

NordLayer steps in to help your company stay safe online with its DNS filtering service. This tool stops access to malicious websites and screens out content that might be harmful or distracting for your team.

Managers can set rules on what’s not allowed on the company’s networks. It acts like a shield, keeping team members safe from phishing and other harmful online stuff. This way, everyone can focus on their work without worrying about online threats.

Using NordLayer’s DNS filtering is easy and effective. Whenever someone tries to visit a website, NordLayer checks it against a list of safe and approved sites. If it finds a website that’s unsafe or on a blocklist, it won’t let the site load.

This step is great for stopping online threats before they can do any harm. Plus, NordLayer has a feature called ThreatBlock, which finds and blocks dangerous domains by pulling information from many places. Along with keeping your internet traffic safe with strong encryption and the ability to filter out more than 50 types of not-so-great content, NordLayer gives you a powerful way to keep your organization’s online space secure and productive. No matter the size of your team, NordLayer is ready to help you manage and protect your remote workers in a simple and effective way.

About Version 2 Limited
Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.

Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

About Nord Security
The web has become a chaotic space where safety and trust have been compromised by cybercrime and data protection issues. Therefore, our team has a global mission to shape a more trusted and peaceful online future for people everywhere.

About NordLayer
NordLayer is an adaptive network access security solution for modern businesses – from the world’s most trusted cybersecurity brand, Nord Security.

The web has become a chaotic space where safety and trust have been compromised by cybercrime and data protection issues. Therefore, our team has a global mission to shape a more trusted and peaceful online future for people everywhere.

24.2.1 Mimas released

Changes compared to 24.2.0

Bug Fixes

  • Fixed an issue with the Comet Server web interface failing to display the users page
  • Fixed an issue applying language selections in the Comet Server web interface

About Version 2 Limited
Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.

Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

About Comet
We are a team of dedicated professionals committed to developing reliable and secure backup solutions for MSP’s, Businesses and IT professionals. With over 10 years of experience in the industry, we understand the importance of having a reliable backup solution in place to protect your valuable data. That’s why we’ve developed a comprehensive suite of backup solutions that are easy to use, scalable and highly secure.

Preventing the Next Microsoft Hack with NAC

The Microsoft 365 ecosystem cybersecurity landscape has become a battleground for organizations worldwide. The recent surge in cyber threats, exemplified by a significant uptick in Microsoft hacks targeting documents and exploiting system vulnerabilities, underscores a critical reality: the need for robust, multifaceted security strategies has never been more pressing.

The infiltration of cybercriminals into systems through seemingly innocuous vectors, such as non-production test accounts lacking multi-factor authentication (MFA) or the introduction of backdoors in files leading to extensive supply chain attacks, highlights a disturbing trend. These tactics not only breach the immediate security perimeter but also pose a systemic threat, potentially compromising vast networks of data and infrastructure. Such incidents serve as a stark reminder that the security measures once deemed adequate are no longer sufficient in the face of increasingly sophisticated cyber threats.

AI’s Role in Stopping a Microsoft Hack

The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) in the cybersecurity domain offers both a promising solution and a new set of challenges with regards to stopping a targeted Microsoft hack. On one hand, AI and large language models (LLMs) provide organizations with the tools to predict and preempt cyber threats with unprecedented precision. These advanced models can sift through massive datasets to identify potential vulnerabilities, offer actionable insights, and automate responses to emerging threats, thereby enhancing the security posture of cloud environments.

On the other hand, the democratization of AI technologies also equips cybercriminals with powerful tools to craft more sophisticated and elusive attack strategies. The same predictive analytics and automation that fortify defense mechanisms can be repurposed to probe for weaknesses, automate phishing campaigns, and orchestrate complex multi-vector attacks. This dual-use nature of AI technologies in cybersecurity underscores the need for vigilant, adaptive security strategies that can evolve in tandem with emerging threats.

Fortifying Against a Microsoft Hack with NAC

Against this backdrop, network access control (NAC) emerges as a critical line of defense against a Microsoft hack. By implementing stringent NAC policies, organizations can exert granular control over who accesses their networks, under what conditions, and to what extent. NAC systems enable real-time visibility into network activity, ensuring that only authenticated, authorized, and compliant devices can connect to and navigate the network. This level of control is indispensable in preventing unauthorized access, mitigating the risk of data breaches, and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards.

Moreover, NAC solutions play a pivotal role in enforcing the principle of least privilege, a cornerstone of modern cybersecurity strategies. By limiting users’ access to the minimum necessary for their roles, organizations can significantly reduce the internal and external attack surface. This approach not only thwarts potential insider threats but also limits the damage that external attackers can inflict should they gain access to the network.

The integration of NAC with other security measures, such as MFA, endpoint detection and response (EDR) systems, and security information and event management (SIEM) solutions, creates a synergistic security ecosystem. This ecosystem not only defends against known Microsoft hacks but also provides the analytical capabilities to anticipate and respond to novel attack vectors. Through continuous monitoring, automated enforcement of security policies, and the integration of AI-driven insights, organizations can build a dynamic, resilient defense against the evolving cyber threat landscape.

Additional Considerations

However, the implementation of NAC and other advanced security measures is not without its challenges when it comes to stopping a Microsoft hack. Organizations must navigate the complexities of integrating new technologies into their existing infrastructure, managing the potential impact on network performance and user experience, and ensuring that security measures keep pace with the rapid evolution of cyber threats. Furthermore, the human element remains a critical factor; fostering a culture of security awareness and vigilance among employees is as crucial as deploying the most advanced technological defenses.

In conclusion, as organizations grapple with the dual challenges of digital transformation and escalating cyber threats, the imperative for comprehensive, adaptive security strategies has never been clearer. The deployment of network access control, in conjunction with AI-driven security tools and rigorous access management protocols, offers a potent defense mechanism against a broad spectrum of cyber threats. By embracing these technologies and fostering a culture of security-first thinking, organizations can not only protect their digital assets but also pave the way for a safer, more secure digital future. In this relentless battle against cyber threats, vigilance, innovation, and adaptability are the keys to resilience and security.

About Version 2 Limited
Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.

Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

About Portnox
Portnox provides simple-to-deploy, operate and maintain network access control, security and visibility solutions. Portnox software can be deployed on-premises, as a cloud-delivered service, or in hybrid mode. It is agentless and vendor-agnostic, allowing organizations to maximize their existing network and cybersecurity investments. Hundreds of enterprises around the world rely on Portnox for network visibility, cybersecurity policy enforcement and regulatory compliance. The company has been recognized for its innovations by Info Security Products Guide, Cyber Security Excellence Awards, IoT Innovator Awards, Computing Security Awards, Best of Interop ITX and Cyber Defense Magazine. Portnox has offices in the U.S., Europe and Asia. For information visit http://www.portnox.com, and follow us on Twitter and LinkedIn.。

What are advanced persistent threats (APT) and how can you steer clear of them?

Cyberattacks are not all one-and-done deals. Some cybercriminals prefer to play the long game – they lurk and gather information over time before dealing the massive final blow. Advanced persistent threats (APT), our topic today, are exactly such long ploys – they’re used to infiltrate a device and slowly collect its most sensitive data.

Falling victim to prolonged attack campaigns can be detrimental to a business, so it’s crucial to know the most effective defenses against them. Let’s look at how advanced persistent threats work, how they differ from other cyberattacks, and what you can do to keep your company safe.

Advanced persistent threat lifecycle

Unlike malware, phishing emails, or other dangers lurking online, an advanced persistent threat isn’t a single tool or action. The term describes a series of processes that include the infiltration and extraction of sensitive information from a device or a system. Its scale means that catching advanced persistent threats is a delicate process, and they may go unnoticed until it’s too late.

Given the intricate nature of APTs and the complexity of their execution, these tactics are usually used by more experienced cybercriminals. Governments, law firms, and financial institutions are particularly popular targets as they handle highly valuable confidential data. The attackers tend to go after classified personal and financial information, intellectual property, patents, and other data that may be used for blackmail or ransom. Motives behind APTs include espionage and cyber warfare.

Advanced persistent threats require a lot of preparations ahead of the true strike. The attackers must first establish their targets and research them thoroughly, learning both about the organization’s internal structure and the employees. The preparation stage helps find the target’s weak links, such as poor password policies, insufficient on-site security, or outdated software use.

Once the background information is gathered, testing begins. The attackers want to ensure they enter and leave the system with the stolen data unnoticed, and they must go through trial and error to succeed. This thorough preparation makes advanced persistent threats stand out as some of the most sophisticated attacks, requiring expert teams to dismantle them and prevent or undo the damages. The execution itself consists of three advanced persistent threat steps.

Once the background work is done and the test runs have succeeded, cybercriminals initiate the first stage of the lifecycle – infiltration. Depending on the nature of the attack, they can infiltrate the system in different ways. Phishing to acquire employees’ login credentials is a common strategy, as is using malicious email attachments that infect the system once downloaded and opened. Regardless of the actual strategy, the goal is to breach the defense systems and weaken the security measures in place.

As soon as the hackers have established their presence in the now-infected system, it’s time for them to settle in and spread their roots. This step is usually known as escalation – a crucial stage for gathering intel and inching to the much-desired data. As they escalate, cybercriminals will acquire employee credentials, override security protocols, and establish backdoors to enter and exit the systems unnoticed, even if their key operation is compromised. They can attempt to reuse the backdoors in the future after evolving their tactics and striking the system again.

With the jackpot uncovered and the valuable data gathered, attackers can start the final phase of their operation – extraction. The backdoors from step two can be advantageous here, as the goal is to exfiltrate all the stolen information undetected. The biggest challenge here is distracting any uncompromised security systems. To achieve this, cybercriminals may rely on code obfuscation – creating a code that’s difficult for humans and computers to understand and disassemble – or distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks.

How do APTs differ from other threats?

The hint is in the name here – advanced persistent threats aren’t crafted like viruses you can easily quarantine. Instead, they’re deeply hidden in the system, quietly combining several threats that would be a challenge to contain on their own to maximize the damage. They’re not quite the “mother of all threats,” but they’re certainly close – especially for small-scale companies that can be eroded from within by tactics that APT attackers employ.

Advanced persistent threats combine the worst that cyber criminals have to offer, all packaged into one – Trojan viruses infiltrating the systems, denial of service attacks to distract the security team, and mass phishing campaigns to get hold of as many login credentials as possible. One such attack could cause irreparable harm to a company, while the whole package is a destructive force. Worst of all, the amount of work put into every stage of the APT lifecycle means they’re difficult to detect, and the damage is harder to undo.

What tactics are employed in an APT attack?

As we’ve established, the process of setting up and executing is complex and multifaceted. Different stages of the process employ different tactics to optimize the potential retrieval of data and exploit as many blind spots as possible. The goal is to simultaneously overwhelm the system’s security measures and pass through them undetected. Common tactics used during an advanced persistent threat attack include:

  • Phishing. Social engineering techniques reign supreme even in the most sophisticated schemes, so it’s unsurprising that phishing is employed in APT attacks. In this instance, spear phishing is the popular choice – this type of attack targets a specific person to access sensitive information required to get inside the system.

  • Credential theft. This tactic often goes hand in hand with phishing attempts. The goal is to overtake as many login credentials within the organization as possible to maximize the possible theft scale.

  • DoS and DDoS attacks. These two types of denial-of-service attacks are used as a distraction technique. By overwhelming the server traffic with artificial requests, attackers distract the security team and can sneak deeper into the system undetected.

  • Zero-day exploits. Zero-day vulnerabilities are bugs or other weaknesses in a system that have been noticed by an attacker but haven’t been patched yet. This strategy is a gambit for hackers because it requires a fast pace to execute. If executed in time, it can be used for espionage or extraction.

  • Trojans. Coopting their name from the ancient Greek myth, Trojan viruses pretend to be legitimate apps and, upon being opened, attack your system from within. They may be used to weaken the defensive systems, create backdoors, or grant remote control of the infected device.

  • Code obfuscation. This is the process of creating a program that uses code so complicated neither people nor computers can effectively read or decipher it. This tactic helps cybercriminals escape the system in the final stages of an APT attack undetected, as the security tools are too preoccupied with the impossible code.

Advanced Persistent Threat examples

Some of the biggest advanced persistent threats were years-long projects, attesting to the complexity of such attacks. Some APT groups have been around for over a decade, targeting high-profile subjects and companies, often in politically charged schemes. Many such groups are considered state-sponsored, while others may form on their own volition.

One of the oldest named attacks is Titan Rain, which started in 2003 and lasted several years. While the attacks that targeted the computer systems of various US-based organizations originated in China, the specific group was never identified or named. Nevertheless, the APT space is associated with a few notorious groups associated with cyber espionage, warfare, and hacktivism.

The APT group names that you see in the news are rarely official. Unlike other cybercrime groups that may pick a moniker, APT groups are identified and named by cybersecurity and cyberintelligence agencies. Therefore, you may see the same group referred to by a different name. For example, Microsoft’s naming taxonomy assigns climate terms based on the presumed region of the attack, whereas CrowdStrike uses animal names, i.e., “Typhoon” and “Panda” for China or “Sandstorm” and “Kitten” for Iran, respectively.

Fancy Bear (Forest Blizzard, APT28)

Fancy Bear is a Russian-based cyber espionage group. Although it wasn’t officially identified until 2014, it’s been engaged in advanced persistent threat attacks since at least 2007. The primary exploitation used by APT28 is zero-day vulnerabilities. Over the years, the group has been associated with Russian military intelligence and has been part of active cyber warfare following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. They’ve also notably targeted the German parliament in a six-month APT in 2014 and interfered in presidential elections in France and the US.

Lazarus (Diamond Sleet, APT38)

Lazarus is an allegedly North Korean cyber warfare group. Its earliest confirmed APT attack, Operation Troy, dates back to 2009 and lasted until 2012. The group targeted the South Korean government with a stream of DDoS attacks. In recent years, Lazarus gained more notoriety for attacks against cryptocurrency exchanges, digital casinos, and traditional financial institutions.

Helix Kitten (Hazel Sandstorm, APT34)

Helix Kitten is assumed to be an Iranian cybercriminal group. It has a history of targeting financial and telecommunications industries, particularly in the Middle East, and relies heavily on social engineering techniques in its attacks. Its targets often overlap with those hit by Refined Kitten, another APT group assumed to be from Iran. However, it’s unclear whether the two groups work in tandem.

APT security measures

Preparing defenses against advanced persistent threats requires businesses to think ahead and stay on top of the most recent breach strategies. In some instances, an organization may only start working on its security measures after the infiltration phase of the attack, meaning that its reaction has to be quick and rely on robust tools to prevent broach escalation.

Here are some of the tools and tactics that your advanced persistent threat defense system should include:

  • Routine software updates and patches – due to the prominence of zero-day exploits, it’s crucial to keep your software up-to-date to close any potential vulnerabilities.

  • Secure private networks – unencrypted networks open up gateways for cybercriminals to sneak in. Ensure your organization uses encrypted network access, like NordLayer, to secure your company resources.

  • Web Application Firewalls (WAF) – firewalls help protect your web servers from potential infiltration attempts by monitoring web traffic in your organization, detecting suspicious activity, and blocking threats.

  • Breach and Attack Simulations (BAS) – running simulations helps ensure your security team is ready to tackle an incoming threat. It also ensures your tools are up-to-date and ready to handle robust cybercriminal tactics.

  • Live monitoring – it’s simpler to open a backdoor passage when the security team isn’t looking. Ensure that your company is always monitoring inbound and outbound network traffic to detect and block suspicious and malicious activity instantly.

  • Centralized password policies – password exploits help cybercriminals access organization accounts and, by extension, their jackpot – sensitive data and resources. By enforcing a password policy in your organization, you can ensure that everyone follows the protocol and uses strong login credentials. The policies can also account for potential data breaches and help reset affected accounts faster.

  • Employee training – to account for the human error factor, all employees should be aware of and stick to correct cybersecurity practices. Ensure your teams have regular online security training and follow the company guidelines.

How can NordPass help you stay protected?

Perhaps the scariest thing about advanced persistent threats is their ability to infiltrate a system undetected. This simply means that you need to reinforce your first line of defense to prevent cybercriminals from breaching your systems in the first place. Even if you suspect you’re under attack, you can work on reinforcing your APT cybersecurity protection.

You may have noticed a trend already – many APT attacks involve social engineering techniques and rely on human error to succeed in the early stages. This makes protective measures surprisingly easy – implementing a secure password management system in your organization can be a life-changer.

The NordPass Enterprise password manager lets you set up a robust company-wide password policy, ensuring everyone adheres to the highest security standards. The Enterprise plan is compatible with major identity authentication services, enabling secure and instant single sign-on (SSO) access. If you suspect any malicious activity from within, you can easily revoke access to sensitive information or reassign it to a different employee. If you suspect that your sensitive data has been compromised, you can use the Data Breach Scanner to track your company credentials, domains, and credit card information.

Get in touch with our team to learn more about how NordPass Enterprise helps your organization stay secure in the face of advanced persistent threats.

About Version 2 Limited
Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.

Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

About Nord Security
The web has become a chaotic space where safety and trust have been compromised by cybercrime and data protection issues. Therefore, our team has a global mission to shape a more trusted and peaceful online future for people everywhere.

About NordLayer
NordLayer is an adaptive network access security solution for modern businesses – from the world’s most trusted cybersecurity brand, Nord Security.

The web has become a chaotic space where safety and trust have been compromised by cybercrime and data protection issues. Therefore, our team has a global mission to shape a more trusted and peaceful online future for people everywhere.

The Battle Against Domain Generation Algorithms

The Internet has become something like the very air we breathe, ensuring its safety is paramount. Yet, lurking within this indispensable resource is a sophisticated threat known as Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA). But what exactly is a Domain Generation Algorithm (DGA), and why is it a topic of concern for cybersecurity teams and everyday internet users alike? Let’s embark on a journey to demystify DGA, its implications, its threat actors and the innovative measures being taken to combat it.

How DGAs Operate

In a nutshell,

a Domain Generation Algorithm is a program that is designed to generate domain names in a particular fashion. Imagine for a moment that you are playing a high-stakes game of hide and seek. In this scenario, DGAs are the ultimate hiders, constantly changing domain names and their locations to evade detection. These algorithms are employed by various malware families to generate domains. These random domains act as secret meeting points for infected machines to receive instructions from their command-and-control servers. But why go through all this trouble?


Consider a machine infected with a botnet, like a sleeper agent awaiting orders. If this agent’s meeting point is compromised, they can no longer receive commands, rendering them ineffective. It resembles knowing exactly where a spy is going to drop their secrets. Once that location is discovered and watched, the spy’s effectiveness is nullified. Hence, the logic behind DGAs: never stick to one domain. By constantly changing domains based on a specific algorithm, these digital spies stay one step ahead, making it challenging for cybersecurity teams to catch them.

The Challenge of Detection: Separating Wheat from Chaff

Yet, the task of detecting malicious domains generated by these algorithms is not as daunting as one might think. The real challenge lies in distinguishing between DGA-generated domains and legitimate technical domains. It looks like trying to find a needle in a haystack, except some of the needles look remarkably similar to the hay. For example, Microsoft’s technical domains could easily be mistaken for those generated by DGAs, leading to a plethora of false positives. It’s a fine line to walk, requiring not just technical prowess but also a deep understanding of both legitimate domains and malicious digital behaviors.

The role of DGA in cybersecurity

The Domain Generation Algorithm (DGA) has been a big deal in malware for the past ten years. It’s crucial to understand how DGA attacks work to keep your network safe from malware. Security software can quickly block malware that depends on a fixed domain or static IP addresses. Essentially, cyber attackers use DGAs to constantly create malicious domains and IP addresses for their malware’s control servers. This makes it hard for defenders to catch them because they keep changing domains. Even though DGAs have been around for a while, security researchers say they’re still tough to deal with. But new technologies are being developed to tackle them better.

DGAs have been a headache for malware victims for over a decade. Big malware attacks like Conficker, Zeus, and Dyre have used DGAs to keep changing domains and their control servers’ addresses. Normal security software can’t keep up because the malware keeps switching domains. But now, new technologies that use big data and machine learning are being developed to predict and stop these attacks before they happen. They aim to make it harder for attackers to set up malicious sites in the same domain names in first place.

SafeDNS’s Strategies Against Domain Generation Algorithms

In response to this challenge, SafeDNS has pioneered an approach by creating a separate category for DGA domains. This initiative is not just about enhancing cybersecurity measures; it is about adapting to modern digital threats. DGA is not limited to shadowy corners of the internet; it is actively used by a wide array of platforms, including numerous gambling sites. Take 1xBet, for instance. This application leverages automatically generated domains to ensure its continuous operation, making it a tough nut to crack for those looking to block it. However, the domainexperts at SafeDNS are not easily outmaneuvered. Through meticulous analysis of application traffic and the intricate web of connections between servers, IP addresses, and generated domains, our experts manage to detect about 10 new domains daily for only this particular application, blocking them effectively and safeguarding users.

The Widespread Use of a Domain Generation Algorithm (DGA)

The use of DGA extends far beyond gambling platforms, playing a crucial role in the operation of botnets and corresponding cyberattacks. These automatically generated domains can be employed for a variety of purposes, ranging from benign technical needs to more nefarious activities. It underscores a fundamental truth about the digital age: the tools and technologies developed can serve both to advance and to undermine our collective security.

So, what does this all mean for the average internet user and for organizations striving to protect their networks? It highlights the need for constant vigilance, innovation, and adaptation. The creation of a separate category for DGA domains by SafeDNS is a testament to the proactive stance required to stay ahead of cybercriminals.

But let’s pause for a moment to ask ourselves a question: In the grand scheme of things, what can we, as individuals and as a community, do to contribute to the safety and security of our digital world? It begins with awareness of cyber attacks, understanding the nature of threats like DGA, and supporting the efforts of cybersecurity professionals. By staying informed about security solutions and adopting safe online practices, we play a part in this vast ecosystem, helping to safeguard not just our own digital footprint but also contributing to the broader effort to secure the internet for everyone.

The story of DGA is a fascinating glimpse into the ongoing struggle between cybercriminals and cybersecurity experts. It is a reminder that adaptation and resilience are key to overcoming challenges. SafeDNS’s innovative approach to tackling DGA-generated domains exemplifies the kind of forward-thinking strategy that will define the future of cybersecurity. As we continue to deal with the complexities of the internet, let’s do so with a commitment to safety, security, and the collective well-being of our networks.

About Version 2 Limited
Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.

Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

About SafeDNS
SafeDNS breathes to make the internet safer for people all over the world with solutions ranging from AI & ML-powered web filtering, cybersecurity to threat intelligence. Moreover, we strive to create the next generation of safer and more affordable web filtering products. Endlessly working to improve our users’ online protection, SafeDNS has also launched an innovative system powered by continuous machine learning and user behavior analytics to detect botnets and malicious websites.

Tech she said: insights and life hacks from women in the field

Many countries mark International Women’s Day on March 8. In the tech industry, we see a significant gap: women occupy only 22% of the tech roles in Europe. The Economist’s glass-ceiling rating reveals that not even the wealthiest countries have achieved gender equality.

This led us to have a conversation about gender equality with two accomplished women in tech, Shelby Dacko, a Human Risk Analyst at Social-Engineer LLC, and Gintarė Milkevičiūtė, a Product Manager at NordLayer. We explored issues related to gender equality and self-confidence among women. We also talked about ways to empower women and took time to celebrate their successes.

The interview highlights

  • To increase the number of women in tech, it’s essential to both encourage young girls and support women who are already in the field.

  • Role models are crucial for inspiration; they can be everyday people you know, not necessarily famous women.

  • When feeling stressed before something important, reassure yourself by remembering just to do what you do every day.

  • A useful strategy during stressful times is to believe that you are the most knowledgeable person in the room.

  • Being mindful of your current situation, preparing adequately, and investing in presenting yourself confidently are key.

  • Diversity is beneficial for business as people from different backgrounds and mindsets enhance performance.

  • The tech field is exciting and welcoming, affirming that women are fully capable and belong in this space.

NordLayer: Let’s introduce Shelby Dacko, a Human Risk Analyst at Social-Engineer LLC. She’s skilled in open-source intelligence and has made over 20,000 vishing calls. Shelby, can you tell us more about yourself and being a certified ethical social engineer?

Shelby Dacko: I started as a sign language interpreter before shifting towards tech. I was drawn to social engineering after a course recommendation. That course sparked my interest, leading me to join the field. I’ve been in tech for nearly five years now.

NordLayer: Thank you. We also welcome Ginte Milkevičiūtė, Product Manager at NordLayer. She focuses on product development and management.

Gintarė Milkevičiūtė: I joined the cybersecurity sector and NordLayer just over half a year ago. Understanding how users interact with and utilize the product is my area of expertise. Before that, I spent my career in similar positions, leading tech-oriented projects, products, and transformations in both B2C and B2B organizations.

Insight #1: Boost women in tech by encouraging young girls and backing the women who are paving the way

NordLayer: Increasing the number of women in tech is key. A McKinsey analysis suggests that if Europe could boost women’s presence in tech to 45% by 2027, it might close the talent gap and potentially increase GDP by up to €600 billion.

There are programs aimed at including women in tech, such as Black Girls Code, among other initiatives. Shelby, what do you think about strategies to further empower women to join and thrive in the tech industry?

Shelby Dacko: It’s crucial for young women to see other women in tech. We need to encourage opportunities from a young age, and the organizations mentioned are doing a great job at this. Involvement in programs targeting high schoolers and younger to foster a love for the field is necessary. My company has engaged in such activities, with my boss speaking to children about social engineering. These are just a few actions we need to continue and expand upon.

Gintarė Milkevičiūtė: I strongly agree that seeing women in technical roles early in life can be as inspiring as knowing Barbie can be a doctor or an astronaut. It shows there are more alternatives.

Another important aspect is how we communicate with children and young adults. Often, girls are complimented on their appearance, while boys are praised for their intelligence. This reflects a societal bias, emphasizing the need for society, including parents, grandparents, uncles, friends, and brothers, to recognize and nurture individuals with a suitable mindset for tech, regardless of gender. Let’s not limit our children’s opportunities based on gender stereotypes.

Talent Acquisition insights 

In my time hiring for tech roles, I’ve noticed a big increase in women applying over the last five years. More and more women are showing interest in a variety of tech jobs, like engineering, cybersecurity, and data science.

At Nord Security, diversity matters a lot to us. We make it a priority to encourage women to apply for positions. Our NordSwitch program is a great example of this. We run it every year to bring in people from different backgrounds.

We’re looking forward to it this April just as much as in past years. It’s worth noting that half of the people we hired from this program were women. What’s even more heartening is that 90% of them have stayed with us for more than six months, and they’re happy in their roles.

Lauryna Girėnienė, Head of Talent Acquisition at NordVPN and NordLayer

Click to tweet

Insight #2: Your role model could be someone you know; heroes aren’t just those in the spotlight

NordLayer: Let’s talk about the role of models. Shelby, how have role models influenced your tech career?

Shelby Dacko: Three women come to mind as my role models. First, there’s Dr. Abbie, a scientist, not specifically tech-focused but a mentor who significantly helped me step out of my comfort zone. Then, Amanda Marchuk, my colleague, is my biggest supporter. Finally, Rosa Rowles, a fellow researcher I work with daily, brings a different perspective to our work, which is fascinating. We tackle problems from varied angles but always support each other.

NordLayer: That’s wonderful. Having an empowering atmosphere within the team is vital. Ginte, could you also share your story and role models?

Gintarė Milkevičiūtė: It might sound cliché, but it’s my mother. She’s had a 55-year career in civil engineering, specializing in drafting blueprints for large buildings, such as refrigerating facilities the size of football fields and various industrial buildings. When she started her career, it was a highly male-dominated field.

She’s taught me to be logical, focused, and thorough, which has been invaluable. Growing up, her example made me confident I could succeed in technical areas, especially ones involving physics and math, which I loved.

When I started my professional life, I finally met other women in tech. A standout was the head of our architecture department, the most senior woman I’d seen in my field. She was incredibly skilled and supportive.

Now, at NordLayer, our CTO, Juta, is a fantastic leader I admire. I’m lucky to have a great circle of friends at work to share ideas and challenges with.

Insight #3: Stressed? Remind yourself, “I’ve got this, just like any other day.”

NordLayer: Now, let’s touch on challenges and setbacks. Shelby, could you share some of the biggest challenges you’ve faced as a woman in tech, the mindset that helped you overcome these obstacles, and any particular stories, lessons learned, or achievements that make you proud?

Shelby Dacko: Many of my challenges have stemmed from my own doubts about my capabilities. Once, my boss asked me to conduct a live vishing call in front of about 300 people. The prospect was daunting because the success of such calls is never guaranteed, and I was worried about failing publicly. However, my team lead at the time, Ryan, noticed my anxiety and encouraged me by simply reminding me to do what I do every day. His confidence in my skills made a huge difference, and I’ve carried that mindset forward into other aspects of my work, from on-site jobs to various projects. Whenever I doubt myself, I remember Ryan’s encouragement and remind myself that I am qualified and capable.

Shelby Dacko quote

NordLayer: Where do these insecurities stem from, in your opinion?

Shelby Dacko: It’s a mix of personal and societal factors. While my parents have always been supportive, not everyone has that kind of encouragement, and societal influences, like teachers not promoting STEM subjects, can play a part. Imposter syndrome is particularly prevalent in our industry, and it can be more intense for women. Reading “Swing Away” by Billy Boatright, which focuses on imposter syndrome, helped me a lot. One key takeaway is that if you’re chosen to take the stage, you have the skills needed to compete, even if you don’t always come out on top.

Talent Acquisition insights 

Regarding imposter syndrome, we’ve noticed women often request lower salaries than men, particularly in tech roles in Europe. This could be because the rise of women in tech is relatively recent, and many are unsure about the salary they should expect. Often, women entering tech in their late 20s or 30s, possibly from different fields, opt for stability over risking higher salary demands.

Lauryna Girėnienė, Head of Talent Acquisition at NordVPN and NordLayer

Click to tweet

Insight #4: In tough times, own the room. Believing you’re the smartest one there helps

NordLayer: Considering the competitive nature often seen as a male trait, how do you view the role of confidence and emotional intelligence in your field?

Gintarė Milkevičiūtė: In my first job, I was lucky to work in an environment filled with experienced business consultants. They taught me that you need to appear knowledgeable and confident, even if you don’t feel it initially. This is about your internal belief in your capabilities, projecting self-confidence and expertise that you might not feel you possess at the moment but will develop over time.

One colleague advised me always to consider myself the most knowledgeable person in the room, which really helps set a positive attitude. This advice seems to come more naturally to Americans than Europeans, who tend to be more reserved. But maintaining this confidence internally can significantly influence how you handle difficult situations, find patterns, and guide conversations effectively.

NordLayer: That’s a useful tip—having a mindset of “fake it till you make it.”

Gintarė Milkevičiūtė: But it’s not really faking. You have the knowledge, and if you don’t, you navigate the conversation until you do. It’s not faking; it’s believing in your capacity to learn and adapt.

Insight #5: Face reality head-on, prep thoroughly, and shine with confidence

NordLayer: Do you have a motto or something that helps you when you’re nervous or stressed?

Gintarė Milkevičiūtė: My biology teacher used to say before tests, “If you haven’t learned it by now, that ship has sailed. Just make sure you look good and dive in.” It taught me that fretting doesn’t help; being prepared and confident does. It’s about facing those tough moments head-on and growing from them. As Sheryl Sandberg suggests, leaning into discomfort is how we expand our comfort zones.

Shelby Dacko: Get comfortable being uncomfortable.

Gintare Milkeviciute quote

Insight #6: Diversity isn’t just nice; it’s smart business. Different perspectives drive success

NordLayer: Let’s discuss diversity. It’s clear that diversity, including different ages, ethnicities, and backgrounds, is key in a team. It not only boosts the economy by increasing employment but also enhances productivity and creativity, as diverse teams often make better decisions. Shelby, can you share how diversity has impacted your team’s dynamics and decision-making?

Shelby Dacko: This is something I see clearly on my team because we all come from different backgrounds. For example, my colleague Rosa came from the hotel industry, and on her first day, she managed to achieve a goal in a client task that I never approached because I couldn’t figure out how. She just blew me away with her approach, which I had never considered, even though I had been with the company for a year. This is a great demonstration of how diversity adds so much to a team.

NordLayer: Thank you so much. Gintarė, as a manager, how do you approach diversity in your team?

Gintarė Milkevičiūtė: Diversity is essential, yet it can sometimes make things uncomfortable. I’ve noticed teams and managers where all members have a similar profile, not just in terms of ethnicity, gender, or age, but also in mindset and way of thinking. However, diverse teams need people who ideate, challenge, plan, execute, and review. Although it might slow down work or complicate agreement on certain topics.

For instance, when a developer in our team started asking unusual questions, it initially seemed disruptive. Yet, by exploring these questions, we uncovered a new use case that prevented users from misusing our product and opened up opportunities for monetization. Product development, built on the pillars of product, engineering, and design, benefits greatly from diversity.

Insight #7: Tech’s cool, and so are you. Women belong in this innovative space

NordLayer: As we close, let’s talk about our drive in the tech industry. What excites you about it? Shelby, can you start?

Shelby Dacko: The constant change in tech is what’s exciting. It means we need to adapt our techniques to keep up with the bad actors. We have to evolve our methods and help train and protect those we work with.

The fact that bad actors won’t stop means we can’t either. We must continue combating them, and it’s thrilling to see the technological advancements made in response to these challenges. That’s what motivates me—to keep growing in our efforts.

NordLayer: Great insight. Gintarė, what about you? What’s your favorite thing about working in tech?

Gintarė Milkevičiūtė: For me, it’s the complexity and the need for teamwork. The predictability of past jobs bored me. In tech, especially in the product field, things are constantly changing and everything is interconnected. I enjoy strategizing and leading projects. The feeling of managing a complex task, like keeping a fast-moving train on track without it derailing, but maintaining its speed, is exhilarating. That’s what motivates me in the product field, and I think it’s the best job.

About Version 2 Limited
Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.

Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

About Nord Security
The web has become a chaotic space where safety and trust have been compromised by cybercrime and data protection issues. Therefore, our team has a global mission to shape a more trusted and peaceful online future for people everywhere.

About NordLayer
NordLayer is an adaptive network access security solution for modern businesses – from the world’s most trusted cybersecurity brand, Nord Security.

The web has become a chaotic space where safety and trust have been compromised by cybercrime and data protection issues. Therefore, our team has a global mission to shape a more trusted and peaceful online future for people everywhere.