The dark web is the underworld of the internet. A place where criminality thrives and anything is available—for a price.

Nobody knows for sure how large the dark web is. The best estimates suggest dark web markets handle around $1.7 billion annually. Data accounts for a huge chunk of that activity. 

Dark websites buy and sell every type of personal data, from credit card numbers to voter registrations. Criminals use that data to profile targets and make cyber attacks more deadly.

That’s why understanding the dark web is a cybersecurity must. Companies and private users need protection against data theft and know how to respond if their data is compromised.

This blog will explore the darkest corners of the web. We will examine the dark web and how it differs from the deep web. We will also provide tips for protecting your data from dark web sellers.

Key takeaways

• The dark web includes web content that search engines cannot access and users cannot reach with standard browsers.

• Dark web content differs from the surface web, which is accessible via Google and browsers. The deep web is not indexed by search engines but can be accessed by browsers. The dark web is inaccessible without a Tor browser.

• The dark web initially sought to evade censorship and ensure privacy. However, it later became linked to criminality as anonymous marketplaces and cryptocurrencies emerged. Law enforcement bodies routinely close markets, but buying and selling continues.

• Goods available on the dark web often include narcotics, counterfeit medications, weapons, and stolen data. Users can purchase almost any illegal items via anonymous payment methods. Many customers are cybercriminals, intent on leveraging personal data to access bank accounts or company networks.

• Safeguard data to keep it away from dark web sellers. Security measures include using VPNs, applying strong password policies, and controlling network access. Businesses should use dark web monitoring to detect potential data breaches early and mitigate the risk.

Dark web definition

The dark web refers to encrypted internet sites that are not indexed by traditional search engines. Users can only access dark web content with the Tor browser.

This browser anonymizes a user’s identity and traffic by encrypting and “bouncing” data around a series of globally distributed nodes. This process, known as onion routing, makes it difficult for outsiders to tell what content users access, enabling surveillance-free transactions or communication.

How does the dark web work?

The public internet or surface web is constructed from visible servers and web content identified by public IP addresses.

The dark web also features server-hosted content, but dark web sites lack standard identifiers or are excluded from indexing by website owners. Search engines cannot dark web sites to their indexes and search results.

Almost 99% of web content is thought to evade search engines. This includes data protected by password portals, obsolete files, and anything Google’s algorithms decide is irrelevant. However, not all this data qualifies as part of the dark web.

To be part of the dark web, sites must be invisible to a standard web browser and search engines.

How the dark web ensures anonymity

The dark web requires non-standard protocols and encryption techniques. Browsers like Tor (The Onion Router) use special protocols to generate encrypted entry points. These protocols use a layered encryption model. This wraps data packets in many layers.

Tor also plots complex pathways for dark web data. As data passes between nodes, layers of encryption peel away, like the skin of an onion. There is no traceable connection between the entry point and the destination. Users remain anonymous as long as Tor operates.

Tor differs from standard browsers in other ways. No identifiable traffic passes between users and their ISP. Tor clears cookies and browsing data after every session. It also disables geolocation features that can reveal a user’s location.

Standard browsers can access most internet content, even if it does not appear in Google results. But the dark web is different.

Experts estimate the dark web comprises around 0.03% of unindexed content. The amount of hidden data is rising, though, and even 0.03% is a large amount of information.

Difference between surface web, deep web, and dark web

Before we dive deeper, let’s clear up a common misconception by defining some key terms. We cannot talk about the “dark web” without understanding how it excludes the surface web and the deep web.

Surface web

The surface web is the outer layer of the internet that web browser users see. When you run a Google query, the search engine delivers results from the surface web.

Algorithms process indexed data, assessing its relevance and quality. In the process, search engines miss a huge amount of data. Ideally, this doesn’t matter because indexers collect the most relevant information and ignore everything else.

For instance, Google might return a set of Amazon landing pages for a query about sports jackets. Searches won’t include back-end metadata or private vendor pages that require passwords. Users only see publicly accessible product listings.

Estimates vary, but it’s safe to say the surface web comprises about 10% of the total internet.

Deep web

The deep web comprises internet data that is not indexed by search engines. Deep web data is not really “hidden” from ordinary browsers. Content may only be accessible with login credentials, but you don’t need Tor or similar layered encryption tools.

Deep web content includes data stored behind log-in portals or paywalls. Social media profiles are a good example. However, most deep web content is mundane website data like unused or out-of-date files. Site owners use the robots.txt file to redirect search engines and avoid excessive traffic.

Estimates vary about the size of the deep web, but it forms around 90% of internet content.

Dark web

The dark web is a subset of the deep web that exists in the shadows. This hidden web features everything we cannot see without special tools.

Because of this, estimating dark web traffic is almost impossible. The same applies to monitoring dark web criminal activity. It’s hard to know whether your personal data is being sold online. Companies cannot tell when hackers conspire beyond surveillance to plan attacks.

When was the dark web created?

The dark web started life in 1999 in the research lab of University of Edinburgh student Ian Clarke. As part of his computer science degree, Clarke wrote a landmark paper on “a Distributed, Decentralised Information Storage and Retrieval System.”

In 2000, he released a working version of his project called Freenet. Clarke’s goal was to provide members of the public with total anonymity. As concerns about online privacy and government censorship grew, Freenet was a natural progression. Nobody called it the “dark web’ —at least not yet.

Ironically, US intel agencies made the next leap forward, releasing the Tor network in 2004. Scientists at the Office of Naval Research created Tor to enable anonymous battlefield and intelligence activity. However, the creators successfully argued for public release.

The designers realized that decentralized routing and layered encryption needed a large community of users. That’s why they launched the Tor Project and fine-tuned the Tor browser in 2008.

Tor could not function without a large user community, even if that meant the government losing control—which is exactly what happened.

In 2009, a shadowy website called Silk Road started to make headlines. Based on the dark web, Silk Road thrived as cryptocurrencies expanded. Dark web marketplaces soon sold everything from narcotics and firearms to pornography, pirated software, and prescription medication.

The FBI raided Silk Road founder Ross Ulbricht in 2013 and closed the site, but the dark web remains a thriving marketplace. Silk Road 2.0 appeared immediately, followed by Diabolus Market and OpenBazaar.

The dark web has also become notorious for more than illegal goods. A 2022 study found 24.6 billion pairs of credentials available for purchase. The dark web now functions as a credentials brokerage, providing access to vast private databases.

Cyber attackers obtain passwords via data breaches. Other criminals buy stolen data to use in phishing or other cyber attacks. Prices are easily affordable, with credit card details retailing for around $120 and single passwords costing just $10. It’s a cybersecurity nightmare.

Why does the dark web exist?

Given the criminal activity associated with the dark web, it’s natural to ask why the dark web exists. Scientists developed the underlying technology with noble purposes in mind. The ONS and Ian Clarke never wanted to encourage crime, but their creations made the dark web possible.

The dark web’s creators set out to protect individual privacy. By the late 1990s, early enthusiasm about the internet gave way to fears about crime and surveillance. People needed ways to browse and communicate anonymously. Tor and Freenet were effective solutions.

The dark web is still a valuable privacy tool. Media organizations like the BBC, the New Yorker, and ProPublica use dark web tools to allow censorship-free browsing in repressive countries.

Is the dark web illegal?

The legal situation surrounding the dark web is pretty simple. Using dark web tools is legal, but using the dark web to commit criminal acts is not.

The benefits above are probably why the dark web remains legal and supported by some governments. Tor is the most reliable way to escape the attention of authoritarian states.

Balancing anonymity against credential thefts and illicit selling is hard, but states tend to see legality as a better option.

Note: Some countries suppress dark web usage. China, Russia, and Vietnam all prohibit Tor usage (with variable success). Keep that in mind if you use Tor when traveling.

Types of threats on the dark web

The dark web may be legal, but it’s not safe. Many critical threats make the dark web dangerous. Here are just a few of the most concerning examples:

• Illegal activity. When users access the dark web, it’s easy to become involved in criminal activities. Dark web marketplaces peddle illicit drugs, firearms, and even stolen information like medical and legal documents. Buying stolen or prohibited items brings the risk of legal consequences.

• Malicious software. The dark web is unregulated. Dark web forums you visit could direct you to malware and compromise your device. They could also direct you to illegal content without warning. There’s no way of knowing.

• Hacking. Dark websites are havens for data thieves and other hackers. These actors are happy to target customers or casual dark web visitors alike.

• Ransomware-as-a-Service. Dark web vendors now sell off-the-shelf ransomware kits, allowing almost anyone to mount cyber-attacks. Groups like REvil and GandCrab provide specialized software that leverages stolen data.

• Webcam attacks. One of the scariest dark web hazards is webcam hijacking. Attackers target visitors with unsecured cameras. They may then deploy remote administration tools to blackmail targets or use the camera to gather data.

• Data breaches. The dark web is a global hub for originating and executing data breaches. Nobody is safe. For instance, in March 2024, communications giant AT&T reported a data breach involving 73 million records. Stolen data was available on the dark web from 2019. And AT&T is just the tip of the iceberg.

• Law enforcement. Criminality is everywhere on the dark web, but so is law enforcement. Users risk detection and prosecution if they engage in illicit behavior. Never assume that contacts are who they say they are.

What is the dark web usually used for?

As the list above suggests, much dark web activity is either borderline or totally illegal. However, not all dark web activities break the law.

Almost anything prohibited by national laws appears on dark web markets. It’s common to find vendors selling drugs, weapons, medical records, prescription medications, and illegal images or videos. There are few limits on what is bought and sold.

Researchers investigating the cross-border wildlife trade found 153 endangered species for sale on 50 dark web forums. Democracy is even on the shelves. One incident found 40 million US voter registrations selling for $2 each.

Anything goes. Marketplaces are hard to track as they come and go. After Silk Road closed, Dream Market became a go-to vendor for opiates. AlphaBay expanded the use of niche crypto-currencies, while DarkMarket focused on selling personal information. All have closed, but successors continue.

The dark web has other uses, though. It’s not all about selling illegal goods. The dark web is also used to:

• Access paywalled academic journals and enable research sharing.

• Evade censored or geo-blocked content.

• Search the web without ads or cookies of any kind.

• Share information confidentially, for example, about protests or whistle-blowing.

• Find essential medications at affordable prices.

Is your business data on the dark web?

There are some positive uses of the dark web, but we need to be aware of the dangers. Most importantly, every internet user and company must know if their data is available via dark websites. And we need ways to prevent this.

Let’s start with a simple process to check whether your information is on the dark web.

Firstly, don’t enter the dark web alone. Individual users lack the contextual data and tools to penetrate dark web defenses. Logging onto Tor and searching your name won’t work.

Companies worried about leaked credentials should use in-depth threat exposure management platforms like NordStellar.

Dark web monitoring solutions leverage huge databases of exposed credentials. Scanners constantly analyze databases of compromised credentials and scan dark web forums and marketplaces for keywords related to your business data.

How to keep your company data off the dark web

Searching the dark web for confidential data can be imprecise. A smarter solution is preventing the disclosure of your company data in the first place.

Dark web criminals are clever and ruthless, but cybersecurity measures deter even the most skilled data leeches. Many companies fail to put those barriers in place. That’s why dark web markets thrive, but it doesn’t have to be like that.

Here are some tips to secure your data and ruin the bottom line of dark web data vendors:

• Protect traffic with a Business Virtual Private Network (VPN). VPNs encrypt traffic and hide your data in transit. Secure every endpoint with VPN coverage to block data thieves.

• Guard your credentials like a hawk. Credential theft or brute forcing allows criminals to access your network and steal user or customer data. Enforce strong, regularly-changed passwords. Add multi-factor authentication for all log-ins. Apply Zero Trust principles to minimize access to sensitive data.

• Be smart about phishing. Phishing encourages users to click dangerous links, leading to malware infections and data loss. Implement advanced DNS filtering solutions to prevent access to websites used in phishing attacks. Train employees to spot phishing emails and explain why phishing awareness is a critical data protection issue.

• Use dark web monitoring. Dark web monitoring is a must-have for companies handling sensitive data. Remember the AT&T case. It took 5 years to uncover the data breach, resulting in millions of dark web sales. Monitoring informs you immediately about data exposure. It also helps you tweak your security posture to prevent cyber attacks.

• Put in place holistic dark web protection. Don’t apply password security, VPN coverage, and access controls independently. Gather everything together in one, like NordLayer’s threat protection setup. That way, you can anticipate and neutralize threats before they cause problems.

The tips above will protect companies who do not intend to access the dark web.

But what if you need to use the dark web safely? In that case, extra data security measures come into play.

• Be very cautious about exposing confidential information on dark web forums. Never mention your name, employer, phone number, or address.

• Never trust dark websites. There is no SSL encryption on the dark web, and nobody certifies dark web sites as safe to use. Remember that when entering discussions or buying goods.

• Don’t click links on forum posts. The same applies to links. Dark web links could easily be malicious or lead you to illegal content. As a rule, avoid clicking unknown links if possible.

• Disable Java and ActiveX. You may already have done this, but disable these frameworks before firing up Tor. Both are notoriously vulnerable to exploits, especially by dark web residents.

• Separate dark web browsing from critical assets. Ideally, only use Tor inside a well-defended network segment. Create a secure zone with minimal east-west movement. If the worst happens, this should restrict the damage.

Tips on how to protect business information from data theft

Hidden data marketplaces are alarming, but could also be a good thing. Knowledge about the dark web should motivate us to update our data security practices.

How can you safeguard sensitive information and stay one step ahead of data thieves? Let’s finish this blog with some data security essentials.

Check statements for financial anomalies

Cyber fraud often shows up first in your company finances. Don’t assume everything is fine. Checking cash flows for unusual payments is always a wise move.

Criminals often take small amounts regularly instead of withdrawing huge sums in one transaction. Minor unauthorized payments could be an early warning that business data and credentials are available on the dark web.

Lock down critical business data

If users in your business access the dark web, network segmentation is essential. Network segmentation creates secure zones within the network architecture. These zones are protected by firewalls and access controls, admitting authorized users but blocking everyone else.

Protect sensitive data within safe zones, and consider creating quarantine zones for dark web browsing. The more barriers there are between business data and dark web users, the better.

Monitor the dark web for data breaches

Stay aware of known data leaks and monitor dark web marketplaces for your business data. Dark web monitoring services scan materials on the dark web, alerting you rapidly should data theft occur.

Take advantage of security alerts provided by financial companies and online vendors. Banks and payment processors like PayPal enable customized alerts to flag suspicious activity.

The same applies to everyday business tools like social media and email. Google and Facebook enable activity alerts and they supplement dark web monitoring.

Remember: thieves may buy social media credentials on the dark web and use them to acquire more information. Any alerts are potentially worrying.

Update your security tools

Finally, only use reputable security software to safeguard devices and apps. Avoid free VPNs or virus checkers. These tools may not work effectively and could even deliver malicious software. Stick to trusted vendors and regularly patch security tools to stay ahead of attackers.

The dark web is one part of the cybersecurity puzzle, but it provides a great reason to improve your cybersecurity game. Safeguard data, learn about dark web threats, and adopt a cautious approach. But if you have any concerns, expert help is easy to find.

Contact the NordLayer team to discuss dark web threats and fine-tune your business security.

Nowadays, cybersecurity threats are not just evolving—they’re escalating at an alarming rate. The X-Force Threat Intelligence Index 2024 reveals that nearly half of all breaches involve the theft of sensitive customer data, and attacks using valid credentials have surged by 71%. Ransomware, a relentless menace, has held its position as the most common form of cyberattack for four consecutive years. With the annual cost of cybercrime projected to soar to $10.5 trillion by 2025, the stakes have never been higher. 

Against this backdrop, the European Union has introduced the NIS2 Directive, a significant update designed to fortify cybersecurity measures across all member states. This directive is not just an enhancement of its predecessor—it’s a necessary evolution to confront the sophisticated and pervasive cyber threats that businesses face today. For organizations spanning various sectors, understanding and following NIS2 requirements isn’t just about compliance; it’s about staying secure in an increasingly hostile digital environment.

This NIS2 checklist is your guide through the critical steps toward NIS2 compliance. It ensures your organization is equipped to meet the rigorous standards required to protect your digital infrastructure and maintain robust security in a world where the next cyberattack is not a question of if but when.

Overview of the NIS2 Directive

The NIS2 Directive is an update to the Network and Information Security (NIS) Directive introduced by the European Union to enhance cybersecurity across member states. It aims to bolster the resilience of critical infrastructure and digital services against cyber threats.

NIS2 extends its scope beyond essential services to include medium and large enterprises in set critical sectors, emphasizing a comprehensive approach to risk management and incident reporting. It requires stricter security measures and sets clearer obligations for organizations to manage risks, protect their systems, and report major security incidents.

Who needs to comply?

Compliance with the NIS2 Directive is required for a broad range of medium and large enterprises operating in critical sectors, including operators in energy, transport, and health sectors, as well as online marketplaces and cloud computing services.

To comply, these organizations must implement robust cybersecurity measures and follow the directive’s standards for protecting their digital infrastructure and managing supply chain security.

NIS2 compliance checklist

Achieving compliance with NIS2 involves a systematic approach that covers various aspects of your organization’s cybersecurity strategy. This checklist outlines the key considerations to help guide your business toward meeting the directive’s requirements.

1. Governance and risk management

Establish clear governance structures to support NIS2 compliance. Define organizational goals, risk appetite, and strategic objectives. Assign specific roles and responsibilities for compliance tasks, ensuring accountability in case of non-compliance. Regularly assess and document cyber risks, focusing on internal and external factors that could impact your organization’s security. Involve top management in approving and overseeing cybersecurity measures to ensure they align with business objectives.

2. Evaluating security effectiveness

Document and regularly review your security policies to ensure they are up-to-date and in line with NIS2 standards. Implement formal incident response plans with a ticketing system for incident detection, triage, and response. Secure your supply chain by assessing the cybersecurity practices of your suppliers and service providers, ensuring comprehensive protection from potential vulnerabilities. Additionally, establish backup management and disaster recovery plans that align with your organization’s Recovery Time Objectives (RTOs) to maintain business continuity.

3. Technical and operational measures

Implement basic cyber hygiene practices, such as regular security training for employees, to maintain high-security standards. Secure your network and information systems by addressing vulnerabilities and adopting strong cryptographic practices. Use advanced security measures, such as endpoint protection and robust network defenses, to prevent unauthorized access and safeguard against cyberattacks.

4. Security technologies and solutions

Deploy a suite of security technologies that best fit your organization’s needs, ensuring they align with NIS2’s technical requirements. This can include tools like Security Information and Event Management (SIEM), Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR), and User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) systems. Ensure these technologies align with industry standards and regulations, such as GDPR, and are capable of protecting your digital infrastructure from breaches and unauthorized access.

5. Technical compliance and certifications

Utilize multi-factor authentication (MFA) and secure communication systems, especially for remote or privileged access. Ensure that your cybersecurity practices are aligned with recognized frameworks and certifications, such as ISO 27001 for information security management. Regularly review and update your technical measures to maintain compliance with evolving standards.

6. Compliance with legal and industry standards

Familiarize yourself with the specific requirements of NIS2 and how they differ from the original directive. Align your cybersecurity strategies with industry-specific regulations, such as HIPAA for healthcare or NERC CIP for energy. Use recognized frameworks like NIST SP 800 or CIS Controls to strengthen your organization’s security posture.

7. Reporting and communication

Develop robust processes for detecting, analyzing, and reporting security incidents. Ensure timely communication with relevant authorities and stakeholders, following the reporting timelines and content requirements set out in NIS2. Document your governance processes and cybersecurity efforts comprehensively, using benchmarks like ISO/IEC 27002 to support compliance and make your reporting efficient.

8. Human resources and training

Implement HR policies that control access based on roles and conduct regular security assessments. Provide ongoing cybersecurity training and awareness programs for all employees, ensuring they have the knowledge to protect sensitive data and comply with NIS2 requirements. Integrate these training initiatives into your overall risk management strategy and regularly update them to address new threats and reinforce best practices.

How NordLayer can support your NIS2 compliance journey

As a network security provider, NordLayer offers a range of tools and services to help your organization meet the stringent requirements of the NIS2 Directive. Here’s how we can assist:

• Advanced access control: With NordLayer’s Virtual Private Gateways and Cloud Firewall, you can enforce strict Network Access Control (NAC) policies, ensuring only authorized and compliant devices access your network. Our multi-layered authentication methods, including two-factor authentication (2FA) and biometric verification, provide an additional layer of security.

• Effective incident prevention: Protect your network from cyber threats with NordLayer’s suite of threat prevention tools, including traffic encryption, IP masking, and DNS filtering by category, helps protect your network from cyber threats.

• Strong cryptography: Our VPN gateways provide quantum-safe encryption, securing data in transit and safeguarding sensitive information. This creates a secure environment for online activities and access to critical resources.

• Network monitoring and management: Gain a clear overview of connected devices and network usage with NordLayer’s activity monitoring and device posture management features. This helps you proactively identify and address potential security issues.

• Continuous security controls: Ensure your network is protected around the clock with NordLayer’s Always-On VPN and auto-connect features. These controls reinforce compliance with security policies and practices.

With NordLayer, you can simplify the management of your security infrastructure while confidently meeting the demanding requirements of the NIS2 Directive. Contact NordLayer today to learn more about how we can support your compliance efforts.

Since the first commercial firewall in 1991, network security needs and technology have evolved significantly. While many businesses still use hardware firewalls, the rise of virtual network firewalls has made it easier to achieve the same functionality without the maintenance and complexity of physical firewalls.

Software firewalls offer effective network protection in a simpler, easier-to-manage way compared to hardware options. This article reviews our top 10 picks for software network firewalls to help you choose the best one for your business.

How we chose the best network firewall solutions (in our opinion)

We selected a range of network firewall options, including large enterprise solutions, mid-size businesses with similar features, and smaller companies that may not be as developed but still provide strong functionality. We didn’t go into too many details, but we focused on how well the firewall strengthens network security and how easy it is to set rules relating to the user interface. We also looked at the overall benefits of each firewall vendor and what types of clients they suit. We also considered cost-effectiveness and how comprehensive these solutions are.

We checked reviews and user feedback on sites like Gartner, G2, Reddit, and Capterra. We focused on what users said about cost, performance, next-generation firewalls, feature reliability, and how helpful the support teams were. If we found unusual feedback about a specific firewall provider that users often mention, we included it as well.

Top 10 network firewall solutions, in our opinion

Different solutions suit different business types. Here’s a detailed look at our favorite network firewall solutions available today, listed in no particular order:

• NordLayer

• Cato SASE Cloud

• Fortinet: FortiGate VM

• Palo Alto VM Series

• Cloudflare WAF

• Zscaler Internet Access

• Appgate SDP

• Perimeter 81 (Check Point Harmony SASE)

• Todyl

• Banyan Security

1. NordLayer

NordLayer is a network security solution that offers secure access to company resources from any location. It helps protect networks, enables remote work, and provides the tools necessary to comply with key regulatory frameworks. Developed by Nord Security, the creators of NordVPN, NordLayer offers a multi-layered defense and features typical of next-generation firewalls (NGFW).

NordLayer enables organizations to implement Firewall as a Service (FWaaS) along with Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA), and Secure Web Gateway (SWG) principles.

Five ways NordLayer Cloud Firewall can help:

1. Prevent data leaks. Network segmentation is key in access control. Without it, data leaks are more likely.

2. Achieve compliance. Many standards focus on network access control and protection of network and encrypted traffic.

3. Implement security strategy. Best practices include secure access service edge (SASE), FWaaS, SWG, and ZTNA.

4. Unify security across hybrid setups. Securing a mix of data centers, cloud, and on-premise systems can be challenging, but NordLayer helps simplify this.

5. Support hybrid work models. NordLayer strengthens security for remote teams while managing network firewalls across locations.

NordLayer’s flexibility makes it ideal for businesses of all sizes that need scalable network protection. It provides secure internet access, resource protection, and compliance with major cybersecurity regulations.

Apart from Cloud Firewall, NordLayer offers other security features like:

• Quantum-safe encryption

• Dedicated servers with Fixed IP

• Device Posture Security

• IP allowlisting

• Web protection (formerly ThreatBlock)

• DNS filtering

• NordLynx VPN protocol

• Browser extension for secure browsing

Benefits:

• Transparent pricing, starting at $7 per user per month

• Proactive setup support

• 24/7 live support with dedicated account managers

• Direct user feedback influences product development

Drawbacks:

• Less known compared to other competitors

• Fewer security features than large enterprise firewall vendors

• Possible slowdowns with the use of VPN

• Reducing team size requires reaching out to support

• Occasional confusion between NordVPN and NordLayer

Disclaimer: This product review is based on information provided on our website, VPN review sites and social networking forums such as Gartner, G2, and TechRadar, as well as customer feedback shared on these platforms, accessed on September 6, 2024.

2. Cato SASE Cloud

Cato Networks is an Israeli company that offers Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) technology. The platform combines communication and security in a cloud-based solution. Founded in 2015, Cato Networks now employs over 900 people globally. When it comes to the firewall, users frequently mention that the solution is easy to set up, with straightforward firewall rule management and affordability. It simplifies firewall management and offers features typical of NGFW.

Most mentioned overall product benefits:

• Comprehensive security features

• Complete management panel for easy user control

• Low-latency performance through numerous points of presence (PoPs)

• Reliable, with no impact on internet speed or application performance

• Automatic firewall updates

• Agile and scalable solution

Drawbacks:

• Can be difficult to implement

• License costs are high

• Logs and reports are hard to interpret

• VPN licenses must be purchased in packs of 10

• Sometimes the app fails to log in

• Upgrading bandwidth capacity for a site can be costly

Disclaimer: This product review is based on information provided on the company’s website, VPN review sites and social networking forums such as Gartner and G2, and it assesses customer feedback shared on these platforms, accessed on September 6, 2024.

3. Fortinet: FortiGate VM

Fortinet, founded over 20 years ago in Sunnyvale, California, provides cybersecurity solutions for a wide range of users. FortiGate VM—a virtual firewall—offers network protection in private, public, and telco cloud environments. Running on the same OS as FortiGate hardware, it enforces consistent security policies across hybrid setups.

Most mentioned overall product benefits:

• User-friendly interface

• Straightforward setup and management of virtual machines

• Easy integration in virtual environments

• Works well with multivendor environments, including IaaS and public clouds

Drawbacks:

• More advanced tutorials or documentation needed

• Complex configurations

• Some interface complexities

• High entry pricing

• Logging and reporting issues

• Problems integrating with certain XDR solutions

• Sizing virtual environments could be clearer

Disclaimer: This product review is based on information provided on VPN review sites and social networking forums such as G2, and it assesses customer feedback shared on these platforms, accessed on September 6, 2024.

4. Palo Alto VM Series

Palo Alto Networks is a multinational cybersecurity company based in Santa Clara, California. Its platform includes advanced network firewalls and cloud-based solutions that cover various aspects of security. The company serves over 70,000 organizations worldwide. Users praise the firewall’s strong security features, ease of use, and flexibility, which are on par with those of on-premises network firewalls.

Most mentioned overall product benefits:

• Easy deployment

• Flexible and scalable

• Effective for disaster recovery

• Centralized management

• User-friendly interface

Drawbacks:

• High pricing

• Licensing complexity

• Long upgrade and restart times

• Documentation could be improved

• Occasional performance slowdowns

• Limited integrations with some cloud platforms

• Resource-intensive solution

Disclaimer: This product review is based on information provided on the company’s website, VPN review sites and social networking forums such as Gartner and G2, as well as customer feedback shared on these platforms, accessed on September 6, 2024.

5. Cloudflare WAF

Cloudflare is an American company that offers content delivery networks, cloud cybersecurity, DDoS mitigation, and domain services. As of 2024, over 19% of the internet uses it for web security. Its Web Application Firewall (WAF) features managed rulesets that are frequently updated, geolocation blocking, and proxy detection, making it highly effective in preventing man-in-the-middle attacks. Users also note its useful integrations, such as with Azure AD and Google Cloud.

Most mentioned overall product benefits:

• Easy installation

• Simple to monitor with actionable features

• Extremely effective with customizable options

• User-friendly interface

• Straightforward to use

Drawbacks:

• Hard for small businesses to negotiate pricing and add features

• Limited configurations in the Terraform provider

• Implementing network-based rules through code is difficult

• Documentation lacks specific, in-depth configurations

• Some false positives in traffic blocking, though fixable over time

• Slow customer support responses

• Limited flexibility in rate-limiting rules for APIs

• Load balancing requires an additional license

Disclaimer: This product review is based on information provided on the company’s website, VPN review sites and social networking forums such as Gartner and Reddit, and it assesses customer feedback shared on these platforms, accessed on September 6, 2024.

6. ZScaler Internet Access

Established in 2007 and headquartered in California, ZScaler provides a cloud-native Zero Trust Exchange platform that focuses on securing online traffic and controlling access to applications. It offers cloud-based protection against cyber threats and data loss. As for its firewall features, users point out that ZScaler offers a broad range of security tools and flexible options, making it adaptable for cloud-based setups.

Most mentioned overall product benefits:

• Scalable

• Consistent and stable connectivity

• Efficient centralized management for access and security oversight

• Robust cloud-native infrastructure

• Intuitive interface for users

• High-performance security solution

Drawbacks:

• Complicated migration from traditional VPN to Zero Trust Network Access

• Steep learning curve for new users

• URL misclassifications that affect protection measures

• Disconnects during brief internet interruptions

• Inadequate API documentation

• Slow customer service response

• Lengthy setup and configuration process

• Confusing pricing structure for features and services

Disclaimer: This product review is based on information provided on VPN review sites and social networking forums such as Gartner and G2, as well as customer feedback shared on these platforms, accessed on September 6, 2024.

7. Appgate SDP

Appgate, founded in 2020 and based in Coral Gables, Florida, provides security solutions for organizations and government agencies. It focuses on Universal Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) and fraud protection. As for the firewall functionality, users mention that Appgate SDP is straightforward to manage with helpful troubleshooting documentation.

Most mentioned overall product benefits:

• Stable performance

• Fast operation

• Easy to deploy and manage

• Clear documentation for troubleshooting

• Real-time updates based on risk metrics

• Micro-segmented access to resources

• Intuitive user interface

Drawbacks:

• Runs on Ubuntu Server, which is not frequently updated

• Per-site licensing increases overall costs

• Slow connection speeds to remote sites

• Occasional resource reduction despite steady internet bandwidth

• Complex to configure

• Limited log management features

• Dashboard is not very helpful for security monitoring

• Frequent need to restart due to slow connection despite good internet

• Insufficient dashboard information for identifying node connectivity issues

• Centralized management lacks efficiency

Disclaimer: This product review is based on information provided on VPN review sites and social networking forums such as Gartner and G2, as well as customer feedback shared on these platforms, accessed on September 6, 2024.

8. Check Point Harmony SASE (formerly Perimeter 81)

Check Point Software Technologies offers solutions to protect businesses and governments. Founded in 1993, it employs over 6,000 people and protects more than 100,000 organizations. Check Point Harmony SASE, formerly known as Perimeter 81, combines network and endpoint security for a unified approach. As for the firewall capabilities, users note easy troubleshooting due to log visibility and VPN tunnel stability.

Most mentioned overall product benefits:

• Smooth migration with easy configuration of necessary features

• Smart Console is user-friendly and free of software bugs

• Unified platform integrating network and endpoint security

• Proactive threat prevention and real-time monitoring

• Simplified management with enhanced visibility across the IT environment

• Reliable performance

• Useful logging activity in the dashboard

Drawbacks:

• Unable to establish redundant VPN tunnels with cloud environments

• Support failed to detect misconfiguration, leading to significant downtime

• Complex initial setup, steep learning curve for new users

• Integration challenges with third-party vendors

• High pricing structure

• Difficulty getting timely technical support

• Frustration with poor customer service and unresolved issues

• Issues with overbilling and slow responses from the support team

• Logging activity is unreliable, with users questioning its accuracy

Disclaimer: This product review is based on information provided on VPN review sites and social networking forums such as Gartner and G2, as well as customer feedback shared on these platforms, accessed on September 6, 2024.

9. Todyl

Founded in 2015 and headquartered in Denver, Colorado, Todyl offers a cybersecurity platform designed for MSPs and MSSPs. The platform provides comprehensive security solutions through a single-agent model, allowing businesses to customize capabilities to meet their needs. Users frequently note that Todyl’s integration and ease of deployment stand out as key features.

Most mentioned overall product benefits:

• Easy to use

• Top-notch support

• Intuitive interface

• Simple integration and deployment

• All-in-one solution for clients

• Centralized logs in the SEIM

• Flexible licensing options per device and customer

Drawbacks:

• Simultaneous use with Defender may cause reporting issues

• Lacks custom gauge creation for dashboards

• Missing GRC features

• Setup can sometimes be tricky

• Occasional bugs with the SGN Connect agent disappearing from the system tray

• Web filtering can be clumsy

• Marketing strategies have upset users

• Platform lacks maturity

• Connecting to on-premise devices like servers is difficult

• Site-to-site connection often disconnects

• Hard to cancel the service

• Frequent DNS issues and workarounds needed

Disclaimer: This product review is based on information provided on VPN review sites and social networking forums such as G2 and Reddit, as well as customer feedback shared on these platforms, accessed on September 6, 2024.

10. Banyan Security

Banyan Security, recently acquired by SonicWall, provides a Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) solution focused on securing remote access to applications and resources. It is known for strong visibility and auditing features along with a user-friendly experience.

Most mentioned overall product benefits:

• Good visibility and auditing features

• Easy to use

• More affordable than competitors

Drawbacks:

• Integration challenges

• Higher costs for some features

• False positives in security alerts

• Some rough edges in the platform

Disclaimer: This product review is based on information provided on VPN review sites and social networking forums such as Gartner, G2, Capterra and Reddit, as well as customer feedback shared on these platforms, accessed on September 6, 2024.

Key features to look for in a firewall

Focus on features that provide strong network protection while meeting the specific needs of your business. The right firewall solution should offer visibility, easy integration, and scalability to ensure nothing gets misconfigured as your company grows:

1. Visibility and control. A good firewall solution needs to provide deep insight into your network traffic and applications, especially for businesses needing access control to meet regulations. Next-generation firewalls with strong threat intelligence can help you stay compliant.

2. Easy integrations. Ensure the firewall provider offers solutions that integrate well with your current systems, like deep packet inspection tools or data centers. It should strengthen your overall network security by fitting smoothly with your other security features.

3. Updates and maintenance. Choose firewall vendors that provide regular updates and proactive product development. Focus on solutions that are frequently updated, well-maintained, and show consistent growth. Providers should offer public release notes, regular updates, and clear communication with customers. It’s crucial to ensure that security features stay current. Automated updates and clear versioning also reduce manual work for IT teams,

4. Hybrid network support. If your business operates across both on-premises and cloud setups, choose a firewall solution that supports hybrid infrastructures.

5. Scalability. As your business grows, your firewall solution should scale without significant cost increases. For example, as your setup becomes more complex, you’ll need more firewall rules. It’s wise to check the number of rules included in each plan before purchasing, as the cost difference between plans can sometimes be steep. This helps maintain strong network protection as your infrastructure expands.

When picking a firewall, focus on features that offer strong security and fit your setup. Prioritize solutions with automation features to reduce manual work. It will save time and help manage security across complex infrastructures.

How to choose the best firewall for your business

When picking the right firewall for your company, you need to weigh several important factors:

1. Security needs. Start by assessing your network security risks. If you’re a larger organization facing more threats, choose a next-generation firewall with a strong intrusion prevention system, advanced threat intelligence, and encryption to protect sensitive data across all layers. Smaller businesses should focus on essential features like packet filtering, malware defense, and network monitoring without overcomplicating the setup. Make sure the firewall solution aligns with the size and complexity of your network to avoid unnecessary costs or gaps in protection.

2. Ease of use. The firewall should be easy to deploy and manage, especially if your IT resources are limited. Network firewalls with simple, user-friendly interfaces can reduce the time spent on managing network protection. Opt for solutions that offer automation for tasks like network traffic monitoring, deep packet inspection, and access control to save time.

3. Support. Reliable customer support is crucial when setting up and maintaining a firewall. A firewall vendor that provides 24/7 support ensures issues are resolved quickly, minimizing downtime. If your business uses data centers or hybrid cloud setups, look for a vendor that offers proactive support to avoid misconfigurations and keep your security features running smoothly.

4. Cost. While the price is important, consider the long-term value. Cheaper options may lack the scalability and advanced features you’ll need as your business grows. Make sure the solution can scale with your business, especially if you expand your data centers or cloud environments, without incurring hefty costs when upgrading.

5. Compatibility. Ensure the firewall integrates seamlessly with your existing infrastructure, whether it’s cloud services, VPNs, or identity management systems. A firewall that works well with other security tools, such as intrusion prevention systems and threat management platforms, strengthens your overall network security and prevents integration issues.

6. Performance and scalability. As your business grows and network traffic increases, your firewall must be able to handle the additional load without sacrificing performance. Whether securing sensitive resources or managing remote access, the firewall should maintain consistent network protection and scale efficiently to meet your evolving needs.

Overall, different firewall solutions suit different business needs. Large options like Fortinet and Palo Alto are ideal for enterprises. Mid-sized businesses may find NordLayer or Perimeter 81 effective, while Todyl targets MSPs and MSSPs. Smaller options like Banyan Security fit smaller budgets. Choose based on your security needs and resources.

Disclaimer: The information in this article is provided for informational purposes only. It is based on publicly available third-party reviews, user feedback, and online sources accessed on September 6, 2024, and should not be considered definitive or permanent. While we strive for accuracy and completeness, Nord Security Inc. and its affiliates make no guarantees regarding the information’s accuracy, completeness, or suitability. We do not undertake, warrant, or represent that any product, or its feature, is or will remain publicly regarded as better or worse than other alternatives, serve any purpose, has mentioned features, benefits, strengths, and limitations for any period of time. Product features, pricing, and other details may change, and we advise readers to verify these directly with vendors. We disclaim any liability to any party for any errors, omissions, or actions taken based on this information. The inclusion of competitor products does not imply affiliation or endorsement, and all trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. Readers should conduct their research and seek independent advice before making purchasing decisions.

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and firewalls are two of the most common and vital cybersecurity tools. Both security tools defend against external threats. However, they use different methods and play complementary roles.

If you are confused about VPNs and next-generation firewalls (NGFWs), now is the perfect time to learn. This blog will introduce firewalls and VPNs and help you choose the correct security measures for your business network. 

What is a firewall and how does it work?

A firewall is a security tool that filters traffic at the network perimeter.

Pre-defined rules allow or deny traffic at the network edge. Deny and allow rules work in tandem to protect network assets and optimize performance.

Firewall users start with default actions applying to all traffic. Users then specify controls as needed by creating new rules. This provides flexibility to allow or deny access.Traditional firewalls analyze data packets before they reach network devices (or leave corporate networks). Businesses can implement them as hardware devices or choose as a software firewall installed on network servers.

Whatever style you choose, firewalls have significant security benefits. Business advantages include:

• Perimeter security: Companies can set rules to admit only authorized identities to access specific environments or services. Employees or trusted partners can access network resources relevant to their roles. The firewall enforces these rules, limiting or completely denying access to other resources, both to insiders and outsiders. This way, the firewall ensures that insiders have specific access rights based on what they need or don’t need for their role.”

• Content filtering: DNS-level firewalls can filter web traffic and block undesirable websites without compromising performance. Firewalls create segmented zones throughout the network where content is tightly controlled, ensuring different departments have appropriate access. For instance, social media may be restricted, but the marketing department could retain access if needed. Firewalls can also block the transmission of document formats or executable files, cutting the risk of phishing attacks.

Firewall capabilities vary, and companies must pick a solution to suit their security needs.

Basic firewalls assess surface information like IP address data. Stateful firewalls use contextual information to discover malicious traffic. Next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) are more powerful, adding capabilities like Deep Packet Inspection, sandboxing, and AI-powered application awareness.

Finally, cloud firewalls take NGFW functions and apply them to virtualized environments. These software firewalls reside in cloud environments but aren’t limited to SaaS security. Cloud firewalls are fully compatible with both physical and cloud-based networks, making them ideal for hybrid environments. They provide all-around protection, handling all firewall needs across various infrastructures.

What is a VPN and how does it work?

A Virtual Private Network encrypts data as it passes between your device and the VPN server, securing it across the internet. VPNs anonymize traffic by assigning data packets new IP addresses. End-to-end encrypted tunnels work with IP address reassignment to mask your identity. VPNs hide your browsing history from ISPs and enable organizations to test localized content and campaigns in different virtual locations conveniently.

VPN users install client software on their devices. Clients encrypt data and establish connections with VPN servers, which assign IP addresses. The server then routes traffic to its destination via the standard internet service provider.

VPNs became famous as individual users sought to evade geo-blockers and government censorship. However, nowadays, businesses use VPNs not only to secure network traffic but also to test localized content and campaigns in different virtual locations conveniently.

Benefits of using a VPN for business include:

• Secure remote access: Remote workers may send confidential data via public Wi-Fi or other unprotected networks, such as those in cafes, airports, or conferences. These are highly vulnerable environments, making VPNs mandatory to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks, which can lead to network breaches and sensitive data leaks. A remote access VPN secures remote connections, ensuring data safety while employees maintain flexibility.

  However, a simple business VPN alone may not be enough to ensure secure access and file transmission. Advanced VPN features, such as site-to-site or Smart Remote Access (SRA), provide stronger security.

  Additionally, advanced configurations can offer a unified IP address for the entire organization, simplifying IP allowlisting and enhancing network and resource access security.

• Safe file transmission: Companies often send sensitive documents and assets to partners and clients. More advanced VPN providers enable secure file transmission. Site-to-site encryption and SRA protect confidential data while making it available to relevant users.

• Unified IP addresses. Advanced VPN configurations provide a unified IP address for the entire organization. This makes IP allowlisting possible and easy to manage and use. Allowlisting increases network and resource access security.

Differences between firewalls and VPNs

The main difference between firewalls and VPNs is that firewalls filter traffic at the network edge. On the other hand, Virtual Private Networks create a secure connection over the external internet.

Imagine a medieval castle. Firewalls defend your castle, only admitting friends. VPNs are like armor, protecting knights outside the walls as they carry messages throughout the land.

Beyond that general distinction, differences between firewalls and VPNs include:

• VPNs protect your privacy while sending and receiving data. Firewalls block malicious or suspect traffic, but they do not encrypt or anonymize traffic.

• VPNs use end-to-end encryption, which conceals the contents of data packets. Traditional firewalls don’t encrypt data; they only track and filter traffic according to firewall rules.

• Advanced next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) can detect malware before it enters the network, while VPNs do not actively scan for cyber threats.

• Firewalls enhance network security not only by handling external threats but also by controlling access to prevent internal threats. They stop lateral movement across the network and help prevent accidental data leaks. VPNs make data transfers more secure.

When to use a VPN vs. a firewall

Firewalls and VPNs have different use cases. Knowing how and when to use them effectively is critically important.

Use a Virtual Private Network when you:

• Need to secure remote access connections over public networks. VPNs allow secure connections from public Wi-Fi and home offices.

• Need to secure file transfers across the internet. Encrypted tunnels ensure that the transfer channels remain secure and confidential, preventing unauthorized access. This means that VPNs protect the transfer channels and do not act as a method for sending files.

• Worry about corporate espionage or surveillance. With a VPN, outsiders cannot monitor your online activity.

• Need to connect different work locations. Site-to-site VPN services securely connect distant offices, factories, or stores.

Use a firewall when you:

• Need to apply network segmentation to protect critical assets.

• Need to filter traffic entering or leaving your network.

• Need to implement access control lists and exclude unauthorized users or devices.

• Have specific content filtering needs. For example, schools may want to block any adult content at the network edge.

Firewall vs. VPN: does your business need both?

Firewalls and VPNs are different tools. However, the firewall versus VPN division is misleading. In most instances, using both will enhance your network security.

Firewalls provide a first line of defense to filter traffic entering and leaving the network. They detect malware, identify unauthorized access requests, and control the flow of sensitive data.

VPNs supplement these firewall functions. They hide user IP addresses and encrypt data, complicating life for external attackers. With a dependable Virtual Private Network, your data will remain private as it passes from remote work locations to central offices.

Firewalls police the boundary of your network. They exclude threats before they can cause harm. VPNs extend protection outside the network perimeter. Users can browse the web without adding extra cybersecurity risks.

Enhance your security with NordLayer’s business VPN and cloud firewall

Traditional firewalls don’t work well in modern business contexts. The rise of the cloud complicates cybersecurity. Data no longer resides locally, and employees access resources from many locations

NordLayer provides a comprehensive solution that adapts to your business needs. Whether you need a simple VPN, a site-to-site VPN, or advanced features like cloud firewalls, Deep Packet Inspection (DPI), and DNS filtering, our tools offer complete protection and network segmentation.

Our security solutions allow you to start with VPNs and later add firewalls, DNS filtering, DPI, and even Download Protection as your security needs evolve. This full suite of features meets the definition of Next-Generation Firewalls, with the added flexibility to enable each feature separately or all together, based on your needs. NordLayer ensures that your security grows with your business, providing a long-term, adaptable solution.

With NordLayer, you can easily lock down critical assets, segment networks, and protect both on-premises and cloud resources. Secure remote access is simple to implement, reducing the risk of data breaches. Whether you need VPNs, firewalls, or a complete NGFW solution, NordLayer’s adaptable tools have you covered.

Next-generation cybersecurity is available for all. Find out more by contacting NordLayer today.

Frequently asked questions

Does a VPN solve firewall needs?

Firewalls and VPNs have different use cases and play complementary security roles. Firewalls filter incoming and outgoing traffic, allowing you to apply network segmentation and block dangerous traffic. VPNs, on the other hand, shield network traffic via an encrypted tunnel.

Firewalls cannot be used as a replacement for VPNs or vice versa. They are discrete tools with separate uses. Only deploy them if you have a solid use case for doing so.

What comes first, VPN or firewall?

Companies usually adopt VPNs first. VPNs are simple to operate and provide a reliable level of protection. Employees can get to grips with VPNs quickly, and everyone understands the role they play.

More mature organizations often use firewalls as they require more complex configuration and maintenance.

However, the answer isn’t always straightforward. VPNs and firewalls address different security needs, so the implementation strategy should reflect the specific requirements of your company. It’s important to assess your needs carefully and implement the right tools for your situation.

What is the difference between a VPN server and a VPN firewall?

A VPN server processes network traffic and assigns the client a new IP address for the session. VPN servers also establish encrypted tunnels between clients and servers to protect the user’s data and identity.

While a VPN firewall can be configured to allow only VPN traffic, this is not its only purpose. A VPN firewall functions similarly to a regular firewall but with added rules or configurations specific to VPN traffic.

A VPN firewall functions like a standard firewall but includes additional rules and configurations specific to VPN traffic. This allows admins to combine VPN and firewall protection seamlessly. While it can be configured to allow or block only authorized VPN traffic, its purpose extends beyond that. It provides the same filtering and security features as a regular firewall, with added capabilities for managing and securing VPN traffic.

Can a firewall block a VPN?

Yes. VPNs may use network ports that firewalls automatically block. For example, the PPTP protocol uses TCP port 1723, and the OpenVPN protocol uses UDP port 1194. Firewalls identify traffic passing through those ports as suspicious and may prevent network access. Port blocking makes it vital to configure firewalls before adding VPN protection.

Imagine this: Your new accounting employee receives a call from what seems to be your company’s financial service provider. The caller sounds professional and mentions a suspicious transaction in the company’s account.

Reassuring your employee that it’s a routine check, they ask for a one-time password (OTP) that has just been sent to secure the account. In a rush to safeguard the business, your employee shares the OTP—unaware they’ve fallen victim to a sophisticated scam involving an OTP bot.

Such real-life scenarios show how serious the threat of OTP bots has become in our digitalized environment. Understanding what OTP bots are and how to protect yourself from them is crucial to safeguarding your personal and business information. Let’s take a closer look at this emerging threat and explore ways to defend against it.

What is an OTP bot?

An OTP bot is a malicious automated software that cybercriminals use to steal one-time passwords (OTPs). OTPs are temporary verification codes sent to a user’s phone or email as part of two-factor authentication (2FA) or multi-factor authentication (MFA) processes. These codes provide extra security for online accounts, ensuring that even if someone knows your password, they still need the OTP to gain unauthorized access.

OTP bots exploit the trust and urgency associated with these security codes, tricking users into revealing their OTPs. Once the bot obtains the OTP, it can bypass security measures and access personal data and accounts.

How do OTP bots work?

OTP bots operate through a combination of social engineering and automated technology. Here’s how they typically work:

1. The attacker initiates contact with the victim, often posing as a legitimate entity such as a bank, service provider, or even a tech support representative. The goal is to trick a user by creating a sense of urgency and trust, convincing them that sharing their OTP is necessary.

2. Once the victim is convinced, the attacker uses an OTP bot to trigger a legitimate OTP request from the service provider. The attacker then attempts to log into the victim’s account using their credentials (often obtained through a previous phishing attack or data breach).

3. The bot waits for the victim to receive the verification code and then relays the request to the victim, often through a phone call or text message. The bot uses convincing language and scenarios to persuade the victim to share their OTP.

4. Once the bot receives the OTP from the victim, it immediately uses it to complete the login process, gaining unauthorized access to the victim’s account.

By automating this process, attackers can efficiently target multiple victims simultaneously, increasing their chances of success.

Process of OTP bot attacks

Understanding the step-by-step process of OTP-related attacks can help you recognize and avoid them. Let’s consider another example. You receive a call from someone claiming to be from a popular online retailer. They inform you that there is an issue with your recent order and they need to verify your identity to proceed with the correction.

They ask you to provide the verification code sent to your phone to confirm the changes. In reality, the caller is an attacker using an OTP bot. They have already initiated a password reset request on your retailer account, triggering the OTP.

As soon as you share the OTP code, the attacker uses it to change your account password and gain access, potentially making unauthorized transactions with your stored payment information. Here’s how these attacks typically unfold in a particular order:

1. Reconnaissance: Malicious actors gather information about potential targets through phishing emails, social media, and other online sources. This information helps them craft convincing scenarios for the social engineering phase.

2. Initial contact: The attacker contacts the victim by phone, often using spoofed numbers or email addresses to appear legitimate. They create a sense of urgency or importance, prompting the victim to act quickly.

3. Requesting the OTP: Using stolen login credentials, the attacker tries to log into the victim’s account, triggering an OTP request from the service provider.

4. Interception: The attacker’s OTP bot waits for the victim to receive the OTP codes. The bot then contacts the victim, often through a phone call, claiming to need the OTP to resolve a supposed urgent issue.

5. Persuasion: The bot uses persuasive language and convincing scenarios to convince the victim to share the OTP. This might involve claims of fraud prevention, account recovery, or urgent security updates.

6. Exploitation: Once the OTP is obtained, the attacker uses it to complete the login process and gain unauthorized access to the victim’s account. This access can lead to unauthorized transactions, financial theft, data breaches, and other forms of cybercrime.

The impact of OTP bot attacks on organizations and networks

OTP bot attacks can have severe consequences for both individuals and organizations. Beyond what was mentioned earlier, here are some potential impacts:

• Financial loss: Unauthorized access to accounts can result in significant financial losses, particularly for businesses handling large sums of money

• Data breaches: Access to sensitive data can lead to data breaches, exposing personal and business data to misuse

• Reputational damage: Victims of OTP-related attacks, especially businesses, can suffer reputational damage, while customers and clients may lose trust in the organization’s ability to protect their digital information

• Operational disruption: Attacks can disrupt business operations, causing downtime and lost productivity

One notable example is the attack on Twitter in 2020, in which attackers used social engineering and OTP bots to gain access to high-profile accounts. They then used these accounts to promote a cryptocurrency scam, causing financial and reputational damage to the platform.

How to protect your business from OTP bots

Protecting your business from OTP threats involves a combination of technological solutions and best practices. Here are detailed strategies to safeguard your organization:

1. Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA)

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a critical safety measure that adds an extra layer of protection beyond passwords. Implement MFA to ensure that unauthorized access is prevented even if a password is compromised.

Consider MFA methods that don’t depend solely on text messages, such as app-based authenticators or hardware tokens, which are more secure alternatives. Additionally, integrate two-factor authentication (2FA) into your regular protocols, as it can significantly enhance your overall security posture.

2. Educate employees

Employee awareness is a key component in defending against all kinds of threats. Regularly train your employees about the risks of OTP bots and social engineering tactics. Ensure they recognize suspicious requests for OTPs or other sensitive information.

Develop clear security protocols for verifying the legitimacy of such requests, and encourage employees to report any unusual or suspicious activity immediately.

3. Monitor & analyze

Keep monitoring your systems for early detection of OTP threats. Use advanced analytics tools to track and analyze user behavior, looking for patterns indicating an ongoing or attempted attack.

Implement monitoring solutions that provide real-time insights and alerts about anomalous activities. By maintaining a vigilant watch over your network and systems, you can quickly identify and respond to potential breaches before they cause significant damage.

4. Secure communication channels

Ensuring the security of communication channels used for OTP delivery is crucial. Choose encrypted communication methods to send OTPs, such as app-based authenticators or secure email services.

By encrypting your OTPs and other sensitive communications, you can prevent attackers from intercepting and using them to gain access to your systems.

5. Regularly audit security

Regular security audits help identify and address vulnerabilities in your authentication processes and overall security infrastructure. During these audits, assess the effectiveness of your current security protocols, review access controls, and test your systems for potential weaknesses.

Regularly auditing your security practices ensures that your defenses remain robust and up-to-date.

Tools that can help mitigate OTP bot risks

To keep your organizational walls secure, some useful tools and technologies can help detect and prevent OTP bot attacks:

Behavioral analytics

Behavioral analytics tools can be instrumental in identifying and mitigating OTP threats. Tools designed to analyze user behavior and detect anomalies—that may indicate a security threat—provide real-time alerts and detailed reports, enabling organizations to respond swiftly to potential attacks and prevent unauthorized access.

Advanced authentication solutions

Implementing advanced authentication solutions can significantly enhance security against attacks. Tools like Google Authenticator offer more secure methods for generating and verifying one-time passwords.

Such solutions reduce reliance on text messages, which are more vulnerable to interception by OTP bots. Using app-based authenticators or hardware tokens adds an extra layer of security, making it harder for attackers to infiltrate.

Fraud detection systems

Fraud detection systems can help detect and prevent fraudulent activities, such as an OTP bot attack. These systems use advanced algorithms and machine learning to analyze transaction patterns and identify suspicious behavior.

By integrating these systems into your security protocols, you can proactively detect and mitigate potential threats before they result in unauthorized transactions or data breaches.

IP allowlisting

Even if an attacker has access to your credentials, including a one-time password (OTP), they still won’t be able to connect to sensitive databases or tools without the correct IP address. With IP allowlisting, only pre-approved IP addresses are granted access to your network, adding a critical layer of security.

NordLayer supports this by enabling organizations to create virtual private gateways with fixed IP addresses, ensuring that unauthorized users are blocked, even if they possess valid login credentials.

Device posture security

Device posture security helps prevent unauthorized devices from accessing sensitive resources. With features like NordLayer’s Device Posture Security (DPS), organizations can ensure that only approved devices—whether personal or company-issued—are granted access. Even if an attacker has all the correct login credentials, access will be restricted if they’re not using a recognized, authorized device. This adds another layer of protection, ensuring that only compliant devices can interact with your network.

Step-up authentication

Step-up authentication involves implementing additional verification steps when high-risk activities are detected. For example, suppose a user logs in from a new location or attempts a high-value transaction. In that case, the system can require additional authentication methods, such as biometric verification or a hardware token. This approach ensures that only legitimate users can perform sensitive actions, reducing the risk of unauthorized transactions.

These tools and technologies can help businesses significantly reduce the risk of OTP threats and protect their data. Staying vigilant and implementing these security measures is essential to maintaining a robust defense against evolving threats.

Best practices for enhancing security against OTP bots

To enhance your security posture against OTP bots, consider the following practices:

• Regular software updates. Update all software and systems regularly to fix security holes. Keeping everything up to date helps protect against known vulnerabilities.

• Implement strong password policies. Enforce complex and unique passwords for different accounts. Use password managers to help you manage and generate secure passwords and regularly prompt password changes.

• Train your employees. Conduct regular training sessions to inform employees about the latest phishing tactics, social engineering schemes, and specific threats, such as OTP bots. Establish protocols for verifying unusual requests for sensitive information.

• Encrypt communication channels. Encrypted messaging services or app-based authenticators, including OTPs, are used to transmit sensitive information. Avoid SMS-based OTPs for critical transactions due to their vulnerability to interception.

• Conduct regular security audits. Perform periodic security audits to identify vulnerabilities and weaknesses in your authentication processes. Work with third-party security experts to conduct comprehensive audits and provide improvement recommendations.

• Develop a robust incident response plan. Create a well-defined incident response plan for managing and mitigating the impact of security breaches. Include steps for responding to OTP bot attacks, such as isolating affected systems and notifying stakeholders.

• Implement access controls & the principle of least privilege. Ensure employees have access only to the resources necessary for their roles. Regularly review and adjust access permissions, and utilize role-based access control (RBAC) to manage user permissions.

• Use threat intelligence & monitoring services. Integrate threat intelligence services for real-time information about emerging threats. Continuous monitoring tools and security information and event management (SIEM) systems should be used to detect suspicious activities early.

• Stay informed about new threats. Stay updated on new threats, vulnerabilities, and best practices by participating in industry forums, attending conferences, and subscribing to security bulletins. Proactively adapt your security measures based on the latest developments.

Conclusion

While OTP bots pose a serious threat, staying vigilant and proactive puts you in the strongest position to prevent their constantly evolving tactics. OTP attacks will only grow more advanced if we fail to upgrade our defenses. Here are the core items to remember:

1. Conduct regular employee training to spotlight the latest social engineering techniques. Aware, informed staff are your first line of prevention.

2. Implement robust, at least two-factor authentication wherever possible. Removing reliance on single-factor OTPs starves bots of their favorite phishing fuel.

3. Consider additional verification for high-risk events like fund transfers. Extra authentication layers prevent bots’ most enticing break-in targets.

Cybersecurity is an ongoing process that needs effort and adaptation. While challenges will always exist, empowering your organization with strategic security practices makes you resilient against sophisticated online threats. Stay proactive and keep your digital defenses strong.

Remote access is a business necessity. Around 50% of workers use remote access technologies to work from home or on the move. Many of those workers access remote desktops to recreate workplaces outside the office.

While workers see Office 365 or SalesForce on their displays, a lot happens under the hood. Businesses rely on remote access protocols to connect devices and transfer data. In every case, companies must secure remote access methods while ensuring optimal performance. 

This blog will explore remote access protocols and introduce some popular varieties. We will also list some remote access best practices to help you find the perfect setup.

What are remote access protocols?

Remote access protocols enable connections between remote devices and servers. Protocols set the conditions for transferring data packets, allowing workers to access desktops hosted on centralized data centers. Many protocols also strengthen security by applying encryption to hide traffic from outsiders.

Common types of remote access protocols

Almost every device has an in-built remote access protocol. Windows uses the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), while Linux and Macs use the Secure Shell Protocol (SSH).

Protocols have default settings, which often suit user needs. However, there are occasions when customizing remote access protocols is essential. You may also add extra protocols to improve security or ensure compatibility with other systems.

When you deviate from default setups, it’s important to understand how remote access protocols work. Let’s explore the main remote access protocols and how to use them.

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

Microsoft created the Remote Desktop Protocol in 2012. RDP uses a server and client setup to organize shared connections between remote devices and central servers. Engineers use RDP to access remote devices securely, and the protocol works with Windows, Linux, Mac OS, and even Android.

RDP uses port forwarding and the TCP/IP transfer protocol to send and receive data over a network channel. This channel carries data about keystrokes, mouse movements, and visual information from remote servers.

With RDP, users don’t need to host apps on their devices. They can access central assets via RDP and work via the remote desktop.

Secure Shell (SSH)

The Secure Shell remote transfer protocol allows remote users to deliver command-line instructions to central devices. The SSH protocol encrypts commands and enables secure file transmission. These features make it a popular protocol for server management.

SSH may also be a good option for secure remote access. The SSH protocol uses public and private keys to authenticate connections. RDP relies on password credentials supplied by remote users, which can be vulnerable to theft or brute force attacks.

Virtual Network Computing (VNC)

Like RDP, VNC users remotely control applications stored on central servers. Unlike RDP, VNC uses the Remote Frame Buffer Protocol (RFB). The screen-sharing protocol allows remote capture of devices, providing greater control compared with RDP.

VNC is popular because it is platform-independent. Many users can connect to a VNC instance, regardless of their operating system. It is a common choice for IT or customer service teams who need secure access to user devices.

Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)

SLIP is one of the oldest remote access technologies, having appeared in the 1980s. First used to connect Unix devices, SLIP is still a popular way to control TCP/IP data transmission.

SLIP creates point-to-point pathways between serial devices. Serial communication is rarely used in remote working as it struggles with audio-visual data flows. However, companies commonly use the technique to control internet-of-things devices due to its low cost and simplicity.

Point-to-point protocol (PPP)

Point-to-point protocols use TCP/IP to create secure connections between remote devices and central servers. Operating at the link layer, PPP is a go-to protocol for Internet Service Providers.

PPP is the foundation of other remote access technologies. For example, Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) allows rapid file transfers over Ethernet connections. PPPoE also enables network monitoring to track user activity.

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)

Virtual Private Networks use variants of the Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) to create secure tunnels between clients and servers. Tunneling enhances user privacy by encrypting data and assigning fresh IP addresses.

These features make VPNs some of the most secure remote access solutions. However, VPN protocols are not specialized for remote desktop access. They tend to operate alongside RDP and other remote access technologies.

Remote access VPNs create digital gateways to secure other forms of remote access. That’s especially useful for remote workforces that connect via home offices and unsecured public networks.

VMWare Blast

Blast is VMWare’s virtual display protocol and uses the H.264 video compression standard to transfer video data. Compression makes Blast a good option if companies rely on video conferencing and virtual meetings. It also suits remote desktop access with complex visual demands.

VMWare Blast is platform-neutral, supporting Linux, MacOS, and Windows. It uses the UDP and TCP/IP framework for data transfers, while encryption and authentication functions provide additional security.

Citrix ICA

Citrix ICA is a proprietary remote desktop protocol focused on high-performance desktop access.

The “Independent Computing Architecture” resembles RDP’s client and server architecture. Unlike basic RDP, Citrix ICA optimizes data flows for graphics and audio. This reduces latency and enhances efficiency.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

HTTPS is a secure version of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol that transmits most web traffic.

Companies can use it to secure remote access via web applications. For example, HTTPS enables collaboration via Google Docs or access to publishing tools like Canva.

The problem with HTTPS is it only applies to web-based traffic. Users will need additional protocols to secure other forms of traffic.

Apple Remote Desktop (ARD)

Apple’s version of the Remote Desktop Protocol, ARD, allows remote management of MacOS systems. It provides similar services to RDP, including remote admin and file transfers.

IT teams can use ARD to remotely manage software on Apple devices or control many Macs on a company network. ARD also features screen-sharing, file distribution, and software installation to ease the workload for security teams.

ARD is only used with Apple systems. You can use it as part of remote access systems, but other protocols are needed if PCs or other devices are involved.

How should you choose the right remote access protocol for your needs?

Take care when choosing different types of remote access protocol, as the protocol you select influences overall performance.

Remote access solutions should balance criteria and take business needs into account. In some situations, security is critical. In others, speed matters slightly more. Here are some criteria to guide your decision-making:

• Security. If security is foremost, choose remote access protocols that support strong encryption and authentication systems. A smart remote access setup based on combining VPNs and RDP should protect critical data.

• Speed and performance. Fast protocols consume minimal bandwidth and generate very little latency—handy if you rely on split-second connectivity. Protocols may also support file compression to reduce transfer volumes, another good way to improve performance.

• Compatibility. Think about how remote access protocols fit into your network environment. Some RAPs support all operating systems. Others, like RDP or ARD, are less wide-ranging. Check your protocol works with visualization platforms like Citrix (if you use them).

• Cost. Sourcing a proprietary remote access protocol like VMWare Blast can be expensive, as companies must buy licenses for every user. RDP or other solutions may be better suited to small businesses on cost grounds.

Best practices for using remote access protocols

Challenges remain after choosing remote access protocols. How should you use protocols securely and efficiently to achieve your business goals?

Implementing remote access technologies varies between businesses, but some best practices apply across the board:

• Use multi-factor authentication (MFA). MFA requires extra user credentials before establishing a remote access session. Most protocols support authentication, which cuts the risk of outsiders gaining control of network devices.

• Encrypt data securely. Encryption scrambles data packets transported via remote access protocols. Tools like RDP do not provide strong encryption by default. The safest option is applying encryption over the top via VPN protocols.

• Segment networks for added security. Strengthen protection by isolating remote access servers in secure network segments. Control access to this secure zone and minimize east-west movement if attackers breach remote access defenses.

• Update software regularly. Remote access protocols can be vectors for exploit attacks. Regular patches and software updates keep network assets current and protected against known vulnerabilities.

• Monitor remote access. Security teams can monitor data transferred via remote access protocols to detect suspicious activity. Maintain activity logs and schedule regular audits to identify potential problems.

• Organize user training. Users must know how to use remote desktop protocols securely. Password hygiene, VPNs, patching, and avoiding unsafe public spaces should all appear in training programs.

• Use load balancing to scale RAP solutions. Scaling remote access protocols can cause performance issues. Load balancing helps you manage bandwidth and avoid network bottlenecks.

Remote access protocols: How NordLayer can help

To connect to a remote device, you need a remote access protocol. Products offering this service should be compatible with popular protocols.

The best solutions not only establish the connection but also ensure it is encrypted and secure, like NordLayer. NordLayer’s Smart Remote Access works with SSH, VPC, and RDP protocols. Additionally, NordLayer provides extra security like encryption and access controls, enhancing the safety of remote connections.

Our Smart Remote Access (SRA) feature allows organizations to create virtual LANs interconnecting several work devices. Users can easily reach other devices connected to the same Virtual LAN as if they were on the same physical network.

Virtual LANs created with NordLayer’s SRA are extremely safe, as only authorized users and devices can access network assets. Employees can upload and delete files securely while VPN technology runs in the background—making connections secure wherever users are. IT admins can troubleshoot issues remotely and manage servers from different locations without hassle. Remote desktops can run without security concerns, keeping sensitive data protected.

For example, a sales team on the road can access internal resources and update the CRM in real time, improving response times and data accuracy. A development team spread across different locations can collaborate on code, share files, and use shared servers, boosting productivity and keeping projects on time. Healthcare professionals can access patient records securely from various locations, ensuring timely and accurate medical care.

In 2024, increased attacks on serverless technologies, predicted by Google Cloud’s Security report, became a reality. Misconfigured cloud environments contributed to 30% of incidents in the first half of the year. That’s why it’s important not only to choose a robust Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) cybersecurity solution but also to ensure it is properly configured to protect your company.

In this article, we’ll compare Check Point alternatives, including NordLayer, Fortinet, and Zscaler, to help organizations find the best solutions for enhanced security and protection.

In brief,

• Check Point, Fortinet, and Zscaler are enterprise-level providers with effective but costly and complex solutions.

• While NordLayer doesn’t cover all SASE features, it offers a highly-rated solution with some SSE features (part of SASE). It also stands out for its proactive configuration assistance and 24/7 support.

Let’s explore these solutions and see which one might best suit your organization’s protection and security needs.

Check Point software overview

Check Point Software is a long-standing player in the cybersecurity market. It was founded in 1993 and has offices around the world, including in sanctioned countries such as Russia and Belarus.

Check Point offers a wide array of cybersecurity software solutions, but here are the main five areas.

1. Cloud (Check Point CloudGuard): Provides cloud security services to protect public, private, and hybrid environments. It includes firewall, threat prevention, and posture management software.

2. Security for remote users (Harmony): Protects remote users with endpoint security tools. Harmony secures devices, web browsing, email, and collaboration software solutions.

3. Security ops (Horizon): Supports security operations by providing services for threat detection, incident response, and automation.

4. Network security (Quantum): Delivers advanced firewall and intrusion prevention services to protect networks.

5. All (Infinity Platform): Integrates multiple security products into one platform. This product covers network, cloud, and endpoint security.

As you can see, Check Point offers a wide range of products that can address various security needs from a product standpoint.

Most mentioned product strengths

Check Point Software offers features that help to secure various network infrastructure and cyber security aspects. Here are some mentioned by users:

1. Secure network access for businesses

2. Advanced threat prevention and real-time threat detection

3. Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) features

4. Deep packet inspection and SSL inspection

5. Firewall with VPN access management for remote users

6. Geo-location filtering and detailed URL filtering

7. Zero-day attack protection with quick patch updates for vulnerabilities

8. Network mapping and compliance testing across environments

9. Environment-specific reports generated for better oversight

Most mentioned overall product benefits of Check Point

Here are some things users often mentioned about Check Point products overall:

1. Well-known and respected in the industry

2. Reliable and effective

3. Unified security management system

4. Centralized firewall management with easy server integration

5. User-friendly interface

6. Minimal need for daily adjustments after the setup

Limitations of Check Point

Despite its strengths, Check Point Software may have some limitations that might not align with the needs of every organization. They might include:

1. Complicated and costly pricing

2. Complex setup and configuration

3. Slowing down during heavy traffic

4. Difficult advanced features and services

5. Slow, upgrade-focused support

6. Overwhelming product range

7. Lacks competitive SD-WAN alternatives

8. VPN client issues on MacOS

Disclaimer: This product review is based on information provided on VPN review sites and social networking forums such as Gartner, G2, and Reddit. It also assessed customer feedback shared on these platforms, accessed on August 13, 2024.

Let’s look at Check Point alternatives.

1. NordLayer

Overview of NordLayer

NordLayer is a network security solution designed to provide safe access to company resources from any location. It provides protection for networks, facilitates remote work, and aids in meeting compliance requirements. Developed by Nord Security, the creators of the popular NordVPN service, NordLayer offers a multi-layered defense for your network.

NordLayer assists organizations in implementing Firewall as a Service (FWaaS), Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA), and Secure Web Gateway (SWG) principles, with a focus on the Secure Service Edge (SSE). It delivers SaaS security features to control access to the internet, resources, and networks.

NordLayer’s flexibility makes it a good fit for businesses of all sizes that need scalable protection.

Product strengths

NordLayer addresses three key business needs. First, it helps enable secure internet access, including for remote employees, and protection while browsing. Second, it segments and controls access to company resources. Third, it helps companies ensure compliance with key cybersecurity regulatory frameworks through easy-to-use visibility dashboards and straightforward identity and access management.

NordLayer primarily focuses on network protection and provides key SSE features, including:

• Shared gateways and virtual private gateways

• Quantum safe encryption

• Dedicated servers with Fixed IP

• Cloud Firewall

• Device Posture Security

• IP allowlisting

• Web protection (formerly Threatblock)

• DNS Filtering capabilities

• NordLynx VPN protocol

• Browser Extension that enhances performance while ensuring secure browsing

Overall product benefits of NordLayer

Compared to larger solutions discussed in this article, NordLayer offers several key advantages:

• Transparent pricing, with plans starting at $7 per user per month

• Proactive setup support to minimize misconfiguration risks

• 24/7 live support, dedicated account managers, and personalized assistance

• Direct influence on product development and growth

Limitations of NordLayer

Despite its many strengths, NordLayer has some limitations:

• Less established brand and not as widely recognized

• Fewer features and capabilities

• Slows down the internet connection when using the VPN

• Can’t adjust team size online; need to contact support to downgrade

• Sometimes, NordVPN and NordLayer are confused

NordLayer reviews

Users frequently praise NordLayer for its ease of use, even for those without extensive IT knowledge. They also appreciate the helpful support provided at every stage.

Disclaimer: This product review is based on information provided on our website, VPN review sites and social networking forums such as Gartner, G2, and TechRadar. It also assessed customer feedback shared on these platforms, accessed on August 13, 2024.

2. Fortinet

Overview of Fortinet

Fortinet is a well-known cybersecurity provider, established over 20 years ago in California. Overall, Fortinet is a versatile option for medium to large enterprises protection.

The company specializes in network security, unified SASE, and cloud security for enterprises. While Fortinet does offer solutions for small and midsize businesses, user reviews suggest that it is particularly well-suited for large companies that can benefit from using multiple Fortinet products together.

Most mentioned product strengths

Fortinet’s products are designed to offer comprehensive security services with a focus on performance and scalability.

1. Well-built, stable hardware, particularly for perimeter firewalls

2. Next-Generation Firewall featuring AV, IPS, web filtering, application control, and VPN

3. Advanced Threat Protection

4. Functions as a wireless controller at no additional cost

5. FortiGuard Labs threat intelligence

6. FortiGuard services, including antivirus, data loss prevention, and anti-spam

7. SecureFabric for isolated communications

Most mentioned overall product benefits of Fortinet

Fortinet stands out due to its strong performance capabilities and broad security features that cater to various business needs.

1. Intuitive and easy-to-use GUI

2. Full-stack, single-pane integration

3. SSL VPN with no extra licensing

4. Easy firewall configuration

5. Centralized control and visibility

6. Cost-effective

7. Simple management and customization

8. Easy implementation across platforms

9. Consistent OS across all devices

Limitations of Fortinet

While Fortinet offers extensive features, it may also have some drawbacks, depending on an organization’s specific needs.

1. Limited technical support for security products

2. Logging lacks real-time information and is hard to navigate

3. Complex configuration and firewall software syntax

4. VPNs frequently drop, affecting customer experience

5. Documentation is complex and lacks vital information

6. The learning curve for rich security features

7. High license costs, challenging for small-scale organizations

8. Frequent bugs impact product reliability

9. Manual firmware updates hinder customer experience

10. Needs flexible pricing and service options to protect smaller organizations

Disclaimer: This product review is based on information provided on VPN review sites and social networking forums such as Gartner, G2, and Reddit. It also assessed customer feedback shared on these platforms, accessed on August 13, 2024.

3. ZScaler

Overview of ZScaler

ZScaler, founded in 2007 and based in California, specializes in a cloud-native Zero Trust Exchange platform designed to protect customers from cyber-attacks and data loss. As a cloud-based security service provider, ZScaler focuses on securing internet traffic and managing user access to applications.

Most mentioned product strengths

ZScaler provides a range of capabilities designed to enhance security and manageability for organizations that operate in distributed and cloud environments.

1. Wide array of security features

2. Numerous customizable options

3. Granular control in creating security policies

4. Easy-to-generate reports

Most mentioned overall product benefits of ZScaler

ZScaler’s cloud-native approach and focus on zero trust make it a strong contender in the cybersecurity market.

1. High performance

2. Reliable connectivity

3. Stable cloud-native architecture

4. Centralized access management and security visibility

5. User-friendly interface

6. Scalable at any time

Limitations of ZScaler

Although ZScaler is innovative, it has drawbacks that might not suit every organization.

1. Complex migration from legacy VPN to cloud-based Zero Trust Network Access

2. The steep learning curve for users

3. Incorrect URL classifications affecting security

4. Disconnection during brief internet fluctuations

5. Lacking detailed API documentation

6. Poor customer support and response

7. Time-consuming setup process

8. Confusing pricing information for services and products

Disclaimer: This product review is based on information provided on VPN review sites and social networking forums such as Gartner and G2, and it assesses customer feedback shared on these platforms, accessed on August 20, 2024.

Choosing the right network security solution

Finding the right network security solution is crucial for your organization’s protection and growth. Here’s what to focus on:

• Ensure the software integrates well with your current systems

• Assess firewall capabilities that match your organization’s needs

• Review each option’s ability to scale with your organization

• Prioritize ease of use for smooth implementation and management

• Evaluate the provider’s support and customer service

Start by considering these factors to secure your organization effectively.

Disclaimer: The information in this article is provided for informational purposes only. It is based on publicly available third-party reviews, user feedback, and online sources accessed between August 13, 2024, and August 20, 2024, and should not be considered definitive or permanent. While we strive for accuracy and completeness, Nord Security Inc. and its affiliates make no guarantees regarding the information’s accuracy, completeness, or suitability. We do not undertake, warrant, or represent that any product, or its feature, is or will remain publicly regarded as better or worse than other alternatives, serve any purpose, has mentioned features, benefits, strengths, and limitations for any period of time. Product features, pricing, and other details may change, and we advise readers to verify these directly with vendors. We disclaim any liability to any party for any errors, omissions, or actions taken based on this information. The inclusion of competitor products does not imply affiliation or endorsement, and all trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. Readers should conduct their research and seek independent advice before making purchasing decisions.

Phishing or social engineering attacks are the number one cyber threat to business networks. Recent studies show that 90% of attacks are triggered by phishing. Innocent mistakes can expose vast amounts of confidential data, risking regulatory action and reputational disaster.

The problem with phishing is that tech solutions are never completely effective. Phishers exploit human nature, convincing users to make unsafe decisions. The only effective response is phishing awareness training.

Poorly trained workforces will eventually put your data at risk. But if you follow the guidance below, you will be well-prepared to handle social engineering attacks.

Key takeaways

• Phishing involves using emails to persuade readers to make dangerous decisions. Links and attachments direct users to malicious websites, putting data and network assets at risk.

• Companies can only combat phishing by training employees to identify suspicious emails. This is harder than it sounds. Phishing emails resemble authentic messages and use sophisticated techniques to fool targets.

• Proper training prepares employees to assess subject lines, email addresses, links, body text, and links. Training covers every aspect of phishing attacks, enabling users to report threats before they compromise your network.

• Implementing continuous phishing awareness training is key. Employees must refresh their knowledge and participate in phishing simulations. Employers, on the other hand, should create easy-to-use reporting processes.

• Combining awareness training with cybersecurity technology mitigates most phishing attacks. Threat detection tools, email encryption, and VPNs strengthen your network defenses. They contain malicious threats when phishing training fails.

Phishing: What your employees need to know

There are two main reasons phishing leads to data breaches and other cyber-attacks: poor security infrastructure and lack of phishing awareness.

Robust protection is vital, but it won’t work if employees ignore phishing risks and expose critical data. Safeguarding apps and data requires constantly updated phishing awareness training. Let’s explore what building an effective human firewall entails and how to create effective training materials.

1. Phishing is illegal

The first thing to stress is that phishing scams are always illegal. Successful or not, phishers commit criminal acts, and it’s important to report phishing attacks to the authorities.

Phishing breaches both the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) and legislation against wire fraud. Successful attacks also breach identity theft laws. Phishing isn’t a minor offense, and employees should understand its severity.

Even so, laws do not specifically outlaw phishing—just successful cyber-attacks involving phishing. It’s still legal to email people asking for information. Tricking people with deceptive language is also legal. If not, sending jokes via email would effectively be criminalized.

Phishing differs because attackers trick users into sharing financial or confidential information for personal gain. Keep that definition in mind when delivering security awareness training.

2. Never trust email addresses alone

Phishers are experts in deception. Every aspect of their emails is potentially fake. However, victims sometimes forget this. They see what appear to be legitimate email addresses and assume the content is safe.

That’s a common and dangerous mistake. A phishing attack often starts by using spoofing to imitate legitimate email addresses.

Spoofed email addresses superficially resemble authentic Amazon or Microsoft addresses. If you look more closely, the underlying email address has nothing to do with those companies. This method is also known as display name spoofing. Every employee must be able to spot it 100% of the time.

There’s another aspect to display name spoofing. Email apps on some mobile devices do not show the sender’s address unless users expand the user name. That’s why you must train remote workers to use all devices securely – not just work laptops.

Spoofers can also take another approach known as cousin domain spoofing. This technique creates email domains that closely resemble authentic domains but have tiny differences.

Sometimes, this could be a fake extension like “Cisco-customerservice”. Sometimes, phishers add a different domain name or a string of numbers that shouldn’t be there. These discrepancies are never easy to spot.

Employees must concentrate and check every address for anomalies. Test their skills regularly, as concentration tends to lapse after a few months.

3. Look for suspicious subject lines and content

Subject lines and body text are also red flags when detecting phishing campaigns.

Phishers often use subject lines to grab attention. For instance, attackers might spoof an actual SaaS provider notifying you about rejected invoices. Or they could target executives with extravagant recruiting promises.

Subject lines may use fear and anxiety. Or they could arouse curiosity. When these methods work, users drop their natural caution and may click links or respond to other parts of the email.

Train employees to treat emails with threatening or excessively positive subject lines cautiously. These subject lines don’t automatically indicate a phishing threat. But employees should treat the attached emails as suspicious messages.

Body text is another critical phishing training awareness issue. The tone of the email is the first area to check. A threatening tone is always a phishing red flag.

For example, phishers want readers to click dangerous links and threaten dire consequences if users don’t click the link. Real-world clients or companies rarely communicate like that. The same applies to sudden emails about locked accounts or credit card problems.

Don’t rely on common sense. When creating phishing training materials, add real-world examples of suspicious emails. Highlight how phishers use language and tone, giving employees enough information to make informed judgments.

4. Beware of embedded links

Remember: phishers can spoof any part of an email message. This applies to embedded links as much as email addresses.

Links are a crucial training theme because malicious links almost always appear in social engineering emails. Phishers try to funnel victims to malicious sites where users hand over information or download malware. Identifying these sites is essential.

If a phishing email is well-written, malicious links look fine. They may resemble links to payment portals or accounting apps. Readers can only see the destination URL by hovering their cursor over the link text.

Check links thoroughly before clicking. Look for suspicious URL formats and shortened URLs. Make sure employees use virtual private gateways with DNS Filtering configured and Threat Block enabled. These NordLayer features ensure employees can access only secure web content by restricting access to potentially malicious websites.

5. Exercise caution with attachments

Email attachments are just as dangerous as links—maybe more so if your employees regularly exchange documents and files via email.

Phishers prefer adding attachments to emails as attachments tend to bypass spam filters. They can add a phishing link to PDF documents or spreadsheets without worrying about interception.

Skilled phishers use this to their advantage. They turn attachments into a form of social proof, persuading readers they need to access something valuable and useful.

When training employees, stress that all attachments are suspicious. The best phishing emails are careful to make other parts of the email convincing. Even plausible messages from seemingly trusted organizations could be malicious.

Teach employees to check attachment links. If they aren’t sure, recommend users report the attachment to a security team member. It’s always better to be safe than sorry.

6. Understand the risks of personal phishing attacks

Understanding personalization is another core part of an effective phishing awareness training program.

The reason for this is simple. As phishing becomes more complex, attackers are launching personalized phishing scams. Even highly qualified individuals can be caught off-guard. The success of a social engineering attack largely depends on context and personal relevance.

Instead of generic greetings, attackers are using contextual data. AI and automation tools enable hackers to profile targets and pose as authentic email senders. Employees need better security awareness in general (to protect their personal information) and when reading emails (to detect small false details).

It’s also vital to deliver additional training for high-ranking individuals and administrators.

Targeted training helps combat whaling and spear phishing attacks that leverage information about senior employees. These individuals often have greater access to sensitive information and privileges to share it—a dangerous combination that bad actors often exploit.

7. Appearances are deceptive as cybercriminals copy corporate branding

When you read emails from major companies, branded graphics, and layout style are often the first things you notice. Companies use consistent visuals and templates to deliver legitimate messages, but phishing emails can copy all of this.

Train employees not to be fooled by slick logos. Look for minor imperfections in the email’s presentation. Phishers often slightly change logos to work around spam filters.

Be wary of images as well. Phishers embed links beneath photos (and elements like QR codes), another way to evade filters. Genuine senders rarely do this, preferring transparent and secure links. Treat image links as potential red flags wherever they appear.

8. Update your knowledge: Phishers are becoming more sophisticated

Tomorrow’s phishing attempts will be more sophisticated. Detecting them will be increasingly challenging. You can be sure of that. Attackers constantly seek ways to avoid filters and fool their targets. Phishing awareness training should evolve with new techniques.

Above all else, security officers should research emerging techniques and prepare for emerging phishing campaigns. Also, creating a comprehensive strategy that includes education, vigilance, and technology works best when it comes to preventing phishing attacks.

Threat actors are using artificial intelligence to generate more accurate messages. They also run multi-channel attacks, which use two or more communication platforms. Microsoft Teams is the most common second step, followed by Slack and SMS. Security teams must up their game and outpace their adversaries.

How to implement phishing awareness training

Understanding what employees need to know is a good start. It’s vital to put that knowledge into practice with effective phishing training. Here are some tips about how to do so:

• Implement continuous phishing training with annual updates and testing exercises. Don’t rely on onboarding training. Knowledge and attention erode over time.

• If you have the resources, run simulated phishing campaigns and war game potential scenarios with cybersecurity tabletop exercises.

• Include key stakeholders in training scenarios. Everyone, from new hires to veteran executives, plays a role in detecting phishing attempts.

• Ensure you have a reporting system to pick up alerts from the front line. Employees should be able to instantly report suspicious emails without disrupting their workflows.

• Provide immediate feedback when an employee clicks on a phishing email. Gentle guidance reinforces training on the spot, and there’s usually no need for disciplinary procedures.

• Audit your phishing training program regularly. Record phishing incidents and identify areas to improve.

How can NordLayer help?

At NordLayer, we want every company to guard against phishing attacks, and we offer a range of solutions to make that happen.

Firstly, check out our recent article on data breaches. It’s a great introduction to the main attack techniques and data breach risks. When you’re up to speed, use our security tools to make awareness training even more effective.

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) helps ensure cybercriminals won’t get far with stolen credentials alone. Threat protection based on Zero Trust Network Access verifies every user and device before they are given access to your network.

NordLayer also offers solutions that help prevent phishing. Threat Prevention identifies and blocks potential threats, protecting your devices and important data from phishing scams.

Security technologies alone won’t stop every phishing attack. Combining NordLayer’s security tools with phishing awareness training will put you in the best possible position. Get in touch today and find out how to reduce your phishing risks.